Transcript Substance Use and Abuse

Substance Use and
Abuse
By: Courtney Noel
12/6/05
Objectives: Healthful Living 6.01, 6.02, 6.03,
6.04, 6.05, 6.06, 6.07
Back to Standards
Substances that are Abused…



Generic Drugs- Over-the-counter, or
prescription drugs.
Illegal Drugs- Examples: Marijuana,
Stimulants, Depressants, Inhalants, Club
Drugs, and Hallucinogens.
ALCOHOL
Key Terms to Know…



Drug misuse- the taking of
a drug for a purpose or by a
person other than that for
which it was medically
intended.
Drug abuse- an excessive
drug use that’s inconsistent
with accepted medical
practice.
Addiction- the habitual use
of substances, such as
alcohol and psychoactive
drugs.


Intoxication- the
maladaptive behavioral,
psychological, and
physiological changes that
occur as a result of
substance use.
Withdrawal- the
development of symptoms
that cause significant
psychological and physical
distress when an individual
reduces or stops drug use.
Types of Illegal Drugs and
Effects…


Marijuana~ most
widely used and is
derived from the
cannabis plant.
THC- is the major
psychoactive ingredient
and can trigger a series
of reactions in the brain
that leads to the high
experienced.
Marijuana Risks and Effects…
Effects…

Marijuana creates a mild
sense of euphoria, heightened
sensations of color and sound.
Risks…



Acute anxiety, or panicky fear
of losing control.

Physical effects are increased
pulse rate, bloodshot eyes,
slowed reaction times,
impaired motor skills, and
reduced short-term memory.


Central Nervous System- Alters
motor coordination, Dulls sensory
and cognitive skills, and affects
short-term memory.
Respiratory System- Lung
damage, damage to the throat
from inhalation, may cause lung
cancer.
Cardiovascular SystemIncreases heart rate and blood
pressure.
Reproductive System- In
women, may cause fetal
abnormalities during pregnancy.
In men, may suppress sexual
functioning (including sperm
abnormalities)
Cocaine…


Cocaine- “Coke,” or
“Snow” in slang, is a
white crystalline powder
extracted from the
leaves of the South
American coca plant.
This drug can be
sniffed, snorted, or
injected intravenously.
Cocaine Risks and Effects…



Effects…
Users feel a brief sense of
euphoria where they feel to
have an enormous physical
and mental ability then slump
into depression.
After one high people tend to
become addicted and need
more right away.
The more continuous the use
the more unpleasant the
effects are, where they MUST
have more because of a
hunger for it.




Risks…
CNS- Can cause strokes,
seizures, and neurological
damage.
Cardiovascular SystemCauses irregular heartbeat,
damages heart tissue, and
constricts blood vessels which
raises BP.
Respiratory System- Lung
damage, overdose can lead to
respiratory arrest.
Reproductive System- In
men, causes sperm
abnormalities. In women, may
affect ability to carry pregnancy
to term.
Ecstasy…


Ecstasy- a street name
for MDMA, a synthetic
compound with both
stimulant and mildly
hallucinogenic properties.
Becoming one of the
most commonly used
drugs among teens today,
commonly known as the
“Club Drug.”
Ecstasy and its Effects…
Inhalants…


Inhalants- chemicals
that produce vapors
with psychoactive
effects.
The most commonly
abused are solvents,
aerosols, modelairplane glue, and
petroleum products.
Inhalants Effects and Risks…


Effects…
Intoxication occurs within
five minutes and can last
more than an hour.
Inhalants interfere with
thinking and impulse
control, so users may act in
dangerous or destructive
ways.


Risks…
Regular use of inhalants
leads to tolerance, so that
the sniffer needs more and
more to attain the desired
effects.
Even a single episode could
trigger asphyxiation or
cardiac arrhythmia leading
to disability or death.
ALCOHOL…


Ethyl alcohol- is the
type of alcohol in
alcoholic beverages.
One bottle/can (12oz)
of beer
One glass (4oz)
One shot (1 oz) ~ all of
these contain the same
amount of alcohol.
Key Terms to Know with
Alcohol…

Proof- determines alcohol
content, the proof is a number
twice the percentage of
alcohol.

Blood-alcohol-concentration
(BAC)- expressed in terms of
the percentage of alcohol in
the blood.

Binge drinking- defined as
consumption of five or more
alcoholic drinks by men or four
or more alcoholic drinks by
women in a row at least once
in a two week period.



Alcohol abuse- involves
continued use of alcohol
despite awareness of social,
occupational, psychological, or
physical problems related to
drinking.
Alcohol dependence- a
separate disorder in which
individuals develop a strong
craving for alcohol because it
produces pleasurable feelings
or relieves stress.
Alcoholism- is a primary,
chronic disease in which
genetic, psychological, and
environmental factors
influence its development.
Factors affecting a person’s
BAC…






How much and how
quickly you drink
What you’re drinking
Your size
Your gender
Your age
Your race





Other drugs
Family history of
alcoholism
Eating
Expectations
Physical tolerance
Binge Drinking…


Binge Drinking- consists of
having five or more drinks
at a single sitting for a man
or four drinks for a woman.
Binge drinking has been
linked to a substantially
increased risk of serious
injury-especially from
automobile accidents-as
well as higher rates of
unsafe sex, assault, and
aggressive behavior.
Damaging Physical Effects of
Alcohol…



Immune system- Lowers
resistance to disease.
Liver- Damages and
eventually destroys liver
cells.
Reproductive System- In
women, increased risk of
birth defects
In men, hormone levels
may be altered; impotence
may occur



Brain- Damages and
eventually destroys brain
cells. Dulls senses, impairs
physical coordination, and
impairs memory.
Heart- Weakens heart
muscle, may raise blood
pressure, and causes
irregular heartbeat.
Stomach and intestinesCauses bleeding and
inflammation, may trigger
cancer.
Medical Complications of Alcohol
Abuse and Dependence…






Liver disease
Cardiovascular system
Cancer
Brain damage
Vitamin deficiencies
Digestive problems





Reproductive and
sexual dysfunction
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Accidents and injuries
Higher mortality
Withdrawal dangers
Drunk Driving…


Drunk driving is the
most frequently
committed crime in the
United States.
An estimated 513,000
people are injured in
alcohol related crashes
each year, an average
of 59 people per hour
or approximately one
person per minute.