Transcript Introduction to Chemistry

Introduction to Chemistry
And
Lab Safety
Mrs. Brokaw
What you’ll learn
 You will describe the relationship between chemistry
and matter.
 You will recognize how scientific methods can be used
to solve problems
 You will explore the basics to laboratory safety.
Test Your Chemistry Knowledge!
1. Which job does not use chemistry?
a. Forensic Scientist
b. Environmental Engineer
c. Writer
d. Doctor
e. All of the above use chemistry
2. Chemistry has no relation to other fields of science
(biology, physics, etc.)?
a. True
b. False
3. Which is not a field of chemistry?
a. Organic
b. Inorganic
c. Physical
d. Analytical
e. All of the above are fields of chemistry
How to succeed in Chemistry
 Learn the language
 Use the illustrations
 Review your notes frequently
 Work as many problems as possible
 Do NOT cram for exams.
What is Chemistry?
 Chemistry is the study of matter and the
changes that it undergoes
 Matter is anything that has a mass and
takes up space
 Mass is a measurement that reflects the
amount of matter
 Is air matter?
Mass and Weight
 Weight is a measurement not only
of the amount of matter but also
the effect of the Earth’s
gravitational pull on that matter
 Why would scientists use “mass”
instead of “weight”?
Macroscopic vs. Microscopic
 Macroscopic vs. Microscopic
 Macroscopic matter does not need a
microscope to see it whereas microscopic
matter needs a microscope
 Submicroscopic= atoms
 FYI: 1 million atoms could fit onto the
period at the end of a sentence
Scientific Methods
 Observations
 Qualitative Data- information that
describes
Examples: color, odor, shape
 Quantitative Data- numerical
information
Examples: how tall,
how fast, how much
Scientific Methods
 Experiments
 Independent variablevariable that you plan
to change
 Dependent variablevariable that changes in
response to a change in
the independent
variable
Example- “Marshmallow
Muscles”
Larry was told that a certain muscle cream was the newest
best thing on the market and claims to double a person’s
muscle power when used as part of a muscle-building workout.
Interested in this product, he buys the special muscle cream
and recruits Patrick and SpongeBob to help him with an
experiment. Larry develops a special marshmallow weightlifting program for Patrick and SpongeBob. He meets with
them once every day for a period of 2 weeks and keeps track
of their results. Before each session, Patrick’s arms and back
are lathered in the cream, while SpongeBob’s arms and back
are lathered with the regular lotion.
Data Table
Time
Patrick
SpongeBob
Initial Amount
18
5
After 1 Week
24
9
After 2 Weeks
33
17
Questions
1. Which person is in the control group?
SpongeBob
2. What is the independent variable?
Muscle Cream
3. What is the dependent variable?
Amount of marshmallows lifted
4. Is the data provided, quantitative or qualitative? Why?
Quantitative-it involves numbers!
5. What should Larry’s conclusion be?
The claims of the muscle cream is not true!
Homework =)
 Page 9
 #6-8,10
 Page 13
 #12
SAFETY
Safety in the Science
Classroom
• Obey the safety
•
•
•
•
•
•
contract
Use common sense
No unauthorized
experiments
Wear safety glasses
Safety is an attitude!
Don’t take anything
out of lab
Read and follow all
instructions
Government Regulation of
Chemicals
The government
regulates the use and
manufacture of
chemicals to protect:
• Consumer: FDA, USDA, CPSC
• Worker: OSHA
• Environment: EPA
Chemicals Can Be:






Flammable
Explosive
Radioactive
Corrosive
Irritant
Toxic
• Chronic toxicity: low doses
•
No Sandals in Lab-Acid Spill
repeated over a long period of
time
Acute toxicity: immediate effect
of a substance as a result of a
single dose
 “Lethal Dose 50%” LD50
 Chemicals may cause harm
in many different ways.
Wear your GLOVES!
Thalidomide
Prescription drug for morning
sickness
• Drug can be made in two
ways
• A = “good” drug (stops
morning sickness)
• B = “bad” drug (birth
defects)
• Side-effect from “bad” drug
Stopped development in fetus
Short arms; “flipper-babies”
A few of the “IMPORTANT” Rules
 Use common sense
 Keep your work area clean
during lab
 No horseplay allowed
 Report all accidents and
spills immediately
 Goggles must be worn at all
times
 No eating, drinking, or gum
in the lab
 Do not pour chemicals down
the drain unless instructed
 Wash your hands before you
leave
 Leave your lab area as you
found it (CLEAN)!
Lab Safety Video
For the Remainder of Class:
 Lab Tour and Explanation of
Materials
 Complete what not to do lab
handout
 LAB QUIZ
NEXT
CLASS!!!