Transcript Judul - Binus Repository

Matakuliah
Tahun
Versi
: T0604-Pengantar Teknologi Informasi
: 2008
: 2.0/0.0
Pertemuan 18
Basisdata (Databases)
(Lanjutan)
Sumber:
Chapter 8. Databases &
Information Systems: Digital
engines for today’s economy, p.407
Williams, B.K, Stacy C. Sawyer (2007).
Using Information Technology: A
Practical Introduction to Computers &
Communications. Seventh Edition,
McGraw-Hill, New York. ISBN-13: 978-007-110768-6
1
Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa
akan mampu :
• menjelaskan: jenis-jenis model basisdata,
manfaat dan cara kerja data mining; etika
dalam penggunaan basisdata (C2)
2
Outline Materi
• Database Models
• Data Mining
• The Ethics of Using Databases
3
Database Models
• Fields or records are arranged in a family
tree, with child records subordinate to parent
or higher-level records
• Like a hierarchical database, but each child
• Network database
record can have more than one parent
record
• Relates, or connects, data in different files
• Relational database
through the use of a key, or common data
element
• Uses objects (software written in small,
• Object-oriented
reusable chunks) as elements within
database
database files
• Models data as facts, dimensions, or
• Multidimensional
numerical measures for use in the interactive
analysis of large amounts of data
database
• Hierarchical
database
8-4
Database Models
• Hierarchical Databases
– Fields or records are arranged in related groups resembling a family
tree with child (low-level) records subordinate to parent (high-level)
records
– Root record is the parent record at the top of the database, and data
is accessed through the hierarchy
– Oldest and simplest; used in mainframes
8-5
Database Models
• Network Database
– Similar to a hierarchical database, but each child record can have
more than one parent record
– Used principally with mainframe computers
– Requires the database structure to be defined in advance
8-6
Database Models
• Relational Database
– Relates or connects data in different files through the
use of a key, or common data element
– Examples are Oracle, Informix, Sybase
– Data exists independently of how it is physically
stored
– Users don’t need to know data structure to use the
database
– Uses SQL (structured query language) to create,
modify, maintain, and query the data
– Query by Example uses sample records or forms to
allow users to define the qualifications for choosing
records
8-7
Database Models
• Object-oriented Databases
– Use “objects”, software written in small, manageable
chunks, as elements within data files
– An object consists of
• Data in any form, including audio, graphics, and video
• Instructions on the action to be taken with the data
– Examples include FastObjects, GemStone, Objectivity
DB, Jasmine Object Database, and KE Express
– Types include
• Web database
• Hypermedia database
8-8
Database Models
• Multidimensional Database
– Models data as facts, dimensions, or
numerical answers for use in the interactive
analysis of large amounts of data for decisionmaking purposes
– Allows users to ask questions in colloquial
English
– Use OLAP (Online Analytical Processing)
software to provide answers to complex
database queries
8-9
Data Mining
• Is the computer-assisted process of sifting
through and analyzing vast amounts of data to
extract hidden patterns and meaning and to
discover new knowledge
• Data is fed into a Data Warehouse through the
following steps
–
–
–
–
Identify and connect to data sources
Perform data fusion and data cleansing
Obtain both data and meta-data (data about the data)
Transport data and meta-data to the Data Warehouse
• Data Warehouse is a special database that
shows detailed and summary data from multiple
sources
8-10
Data Mining
• Methods for searching for patterns in the
data and interpreting the results
– Regression analysis
• Develops a formula to fit patterns in the data that
has been extracted
• Formula is applied to other data sets to predict
future trends
– Classification analysis
• A statistical pattern recognition process that is
applied to data sets with more than just numerical
data
8-11
Data Mining
• Applications include
– A phone company identifying customers with
large bills, who were really small businesses
trying to pay the cheaper residential rate
– A coach in the Gymnastics Federation used it
to discover what long-term factors contributed
to athletes’ performance
– Retail stores use it to predict future purchase
patterns to help them choose which products
to stock for the future
8-12
The Ethics of Using Databases
• Identity Theft concerns
– A crime in which thieves hijack your identity
and use your good credit rating to get cash,
take out loans, order credit cards, and buy
things in your name
• Privacy concerns
– Name migration: getting endless junk mail
and telemarketing calls
– Résumé rustling and online snooping
– Government prying and spying
Discussion Question: Has any one had their identity stolen? How long did it take
you to get it straightened out?
8-13
Kesimpulan
14