Dizziness, Disequilibrium and Vertigo
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Transcript Dizziness, Disequilibrium and Vertigo
Dizziness, Disequilibrium and Vertigo
There
are three symptoms that are often refered to
as dizziness by patients: dizziness, disequilibrium
and vertigo.
Dizziness
Is
a nonspecific term that describes a sensation of
alterred spatial orietaiton
Any sensation of discomfort of head.
Head lightness or wooziness
Cause of Dizziness
Circulation
Metabolic
Endocrine
Degeneration
Psychologic
Vertigo
Defined
as any abnormal sensation of motion
between patient and surrounding.
Feeling of linear motion of falling.
Classification
: peripheral or central type.
Disequilibrium
Unsteadiness
or imbalance
Patient may feel normal when they are stationary,
but notice difficulty when they walk.
Often ,they have no symptoms of dizziness.
Disequilibrium suggests a central lesion, but it may
be peripheral. Patients with bilateral peripheral
vestibular loss may note unsteady gait.
Vestibular system
Play
a dual role, response to gravity and linear
acceleration through the utricle and saccule
And to angular acceleration through the
semicircular canals.
If insufficient or conflicting information between
the left and right ears is delivered to the CNS,
vertigo results.
Periphera Vertigo
Typical
features of peripheral vertigo includea
short or episodic time course, a precipitating factor
and the presence of automomic symptoms,
including sweating, pallor, nausea or vomiting.
There may be associated with tinnitus, hearing loss,
or facial nerve weakness.
Central vertigo
In
patients with central vertigo, the autonomic
symtoms are less severe and associated hearing
loss is unusnal.
Associated with neurological symtoms are
different and may include: diplopia, hemianopsia,
weakness, numbness, dysarthria, ataxia and loss of
consciousness. Oscillopsia may be severe.
Diagnosis
The
history and neurological examination are
essential .
Point to the history include weather the symptom
is that of dizziness, vertigo and disequilibrium
Weather the symptoms have an inciting factor,
duration, frequency, past history, and severity.
Diagnosis
Complete
neurological examination is necessary.
CAE
ENG
MRI
of brain.
MRI should be perform on all patientsof a central
process and who had symtoms for 2 weeks or mor
CD and TCD for possible stroke
Treatment
According
to the cause.
For case of peripheral vertigo, vestibular
supressant may be used to relieved symptoms but
should be discontinue use as soon as possilbe ,as
long term use ma delay compensation.
Treatment
Anticholinergic
drug : scopolamine or
glycopyrrolate
Antihistamine: meclizine
Benzodiazepine
Common casue of peripheral vertigo
BPPV
Bacterial
or viral infection
Vestibular neuritis
Meniere disease
Tumor
Trauma
Drug: alcohol, aminoglycoside
Common cause of central vertigo
Menigitis
Vascular
disease: VBI, brainstem or cerebellar
hemorrhage or infarct.
Migraine
Tumors
Trauma
Multiple sclerosis
BPPV
Recurrent
vertigo, with change head position
No hearing loss
No tinnitus
Self limited within a few months
Vestibular Neuritis
Vertigo
associated with suddenly onset, severely
with N/V and nystagmus
Often previously viral infection
Meniere Disease
Vertigo,
hearing loss ,tinnitus and aural fullness
Endolymphatic hydrop
CP angle tumor
Asymmetrical
sensorineural hearing loss, unilateral
tinnitus or vertigo.
Drug toxicity
Many
drug, esp. alcohol may cause dizziness
Cessation of use a drug, usually casues clearing of
the symptoms in a few days.
Cardiac arrythmia
Low
cardiac output—
low brain perfusion dizziness
Prebycusis and presbyastasis
Age
related hearing loss
esp. high tone
Age related loss of balance
pyschophysiologic
Acute
anxiety
Acute panic
Hyperventilation