Transcript Ingen lysbildetittel - Center for the Study of Democracy

COMBATING ORGANISED CRIME THE NORWEGIAN EXPERIENCE
BY DETECTIVE SUPERINTENDENT
JAN ERIK NYBAKK
International Police Cooperation - Nordic countries
 Customs and police co-operation arrangement
between the Nordic countries
 Formalised as a pilot arrangement in 1984
 Evaluated and made permenent in 1987
International
Police Co-operation
 Intelligence on drug smuggling and
distribution in the Nordic countries
collated in a joint Nordic intelligence
project (currently seven projects)
 Shared Nordic police and customs liaison
officers in relevant producing and/or
transit countries (currently 33 liaison
officers)
Programmes
 Heroin (frml. SWAP and SEAP)
 Cocaine
 Amphetamine
 Cannabis
 Ecstasy
 Doping
 Chemicals
 Motorcycle Project
Nordic Arrangement Development
 Drug crime and other organised crime are on
the increase in the Nordic countries. Both
Customs and the police have for several
years been aware of the fact that our efforts
must also target other areas of crime.
 Revision of the drug programmes
Nordic Arrangement Development
 Consequently, in 1998 the co-operation
arrangement was extended to include all
forms of crime of a transnational
character affecting at least one of the
customs or police services in the Nordic
countries.
 The liasion officers must therefore be
regarded as generalist, not as previously,
when they were called drug liaison
officers.
Posting of
Nordic Liaison Officers
 A total of 33 posted officers: 24 police
officers and 9 customs officers.
Denmark
6
Norway
10
Finland
2
Sweden
15
Organised Crime
 Environmental crime, including
trafficking in nuclear material
 Smuggling of highly taxed goods tobacco, cigarettes
 Trafficking in works of art and antiques
 Child pornography/child sex tourism
 People smuggling/trafficking in women
 Trafficking in firearms, drugs, vehicles
Organised Crime a Threat to Society
 Retrospective Glance
 Hidden Crime
 Characteristic Features of Organised Crime
 Areas of Crime
 Summary
Retrospective Glance
 Sixfold increase in investigated crimes since
1965
 Increase in reported crimes 1997-2002:
 Drug offences - up 36.7%
 Financial crime - up 13.4%
 Recorded crime in 2002:
 Theft and related offences account for 54%
 Drug offences account for 10%
 Violent crime accounts for 6%
Hidden Crime
 Crime not detected by the police is not
reported.
 In some areas of crime, the hidden figures
represent the majority of the offences
Characteristic Features of
Organised Cime
 Increase in organised and transnational crime and
offences committed by criminal networks
 Organised criminal activity takes place in networks
of criminals who, among other things:
 Have a common aim
 Are involved in at least two types of crime
 Operate across international borders
 Three central factors
 Organisation
 Internationalisation
 Information and Communication Technology
Some important features of
crime today:
 More brutal
 More professional
 More specialised
 Better organised
 More co-operation between different criminal
networks
 More mobility
 More use of advanced technology
 More mixing of illegal and legal activities
Drug Crime
 The main problem in Norway
 Drug seizures more than doubled 1996-2002
 1996: 13,333 seizures - 2002: 30,310 seizures
 Controlled by professional multi-criminal
organisations and networks
 Tough scene
 Untraditional methods of investigation need to be
applied - also in other areas of crime
Drug Seizures 1995-2003
Drug Types - shares
Trends
 Steady increase in drug seizures over the 1990s
 Increased availability and spread of drugs
 Less difference between urban and rural areas
 Introduction of new narcotic drugs
 New groups of abusers
 New patterns of abuse - mixed abuse
Heroin – Number of seizures
Heroin - Quantities Seized
Heroin Smuggling Routes
Russland
Heroin from
Afghanistan mainly
follows the Balkan
route, through Eastern
and Western Europe
towards the Nordic
countries
Bulgaria is a central
point for transit
storage of heroin
Nederland
Polen
Belgia
Tyskland
Bulgaria
According to Russian
police, the Silk Road
(dotted line) could
become a central
transport route for
heroin
People Smuggling
 People Smuggling
 Record increase in people smuggling to
Norway
 About 16,000 asylum seekers are expected to
come to Norway this year
 Reception Centres for Asylum Seekers function
as covers for criminal activity
 86% of asylum seekers have insufficient proof
of identity and nationality
Organised
theft-related offences
 The organised robbery networks
 Commit aggravated robberies of banks, cash-transit
vans, cash mashines, etc.
 Considerable increase 1995-2000
 Extremely professional - gather inside information
 Difficult to solve
 East-European networks
 Aggravated thefts from vehicles, businesses and
warehouses
 Stolen property is sent to the home country
 Focused on the potential for profit in Scandinavia
 Professional networks
Financial Crime
 The type of crime most closely linked to the
business community and other etablishments in
the private and public sector
 The number of cases is rising - transnational cases are more complex
 The criminals operate in networks - the activity
is hidden abroad
 Large hidden figures
Summary
 Organised crime is on the rise
 Comprises most areas of crime
 Affects us all
 Threatens and challenges national and
international principles of law, the structure of
society and the protection of individual rights
and freedoms
ICT Crime
 Information and Communication Technology
Crime
 Tool for criminals
 Scene of crimes
 Organised criminals are advanced users
 Hidden offences are committed on computers
via computer networks through electronic mail,
conference systems and exchange systems
Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs
2003
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HELLS ANGELS MC–TRONDHEIM
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HELLS ANGELS MC-STAVANGER
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HELLS ANGELS MC–OSLO
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HELLS ANGELS MC-HAMAR
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HELLS ANGELS MC - SKIEN
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BANDIDOS MC-OSLO
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BANDIDOS MC-ASKIM
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BANDIDOS MC-DRAMMEN
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BANDIDOS MC-SORTLAND (PROB.)
BANDIDOS
- STAVANGER
BANDIDOSMC
MC-KRISTIANSAND
(PROSPECT)
•
•
•
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SUPPORT X-TEAM-OSLO
SUPPORT X-TEAM-ASKIM
SUPPORT X-TEAM-HORTEN
SUPPORT W-TEAM TRONDHEIM
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•
OUTLAWS MC-DRAMMEN
OUTLAWS MC - OSLO