Transcript Document

Veterinary anesthesia history
 In 1872 Pierre use chloral hydrate to anesthetize the
horse by intravenous injection.
 In 1887 is the earliest time use of inhalation general
anesthesia, when the successful administration of
ether to horse in royal collage.
 In 1900 the use of chloroform widely for general
anesthesia in horse.
 In 1920 barbiturate drag was discovered, such as
pentobarbitone.
 In 1927 ether was administration by intra tracheal
tube.
 In 1934 the first apparatus for inhalation general
anesthesia was discovered.
Anesthesiology: it is the name giving to
whole art and science relating to the production
of insensibility.
Anesthesia: it is loss of sensation in a part or
in the whole body, generally induced by the
administration of a drug that depresses nervous
tissue activity.
General anesthesia: it is a state of complete
unconsciousness produced by process of
controlled and reversible intoxication of CNS
which there is complete analgesia and muscle
relaxation.
Analgesia: it is absence of pain (to relive
pain).
Narcosis: it is a state of deep sleep
(unconsciousness) a companied with a varying
degree of analgesia, such as chloral hydrate.
Hypnosis: it is a state like sleep which may be
regarded as physiological condition in which the
animal can be easily a wakened by different types
of stimuli.
Sedation: it is a state of calming nervous
vicious and exited animal due to mild
depression to CNS a companied with
analgesia and incoordination.
Tranquilization: it is a state of behavioral
change in which the animal is relaxed and
unconcerned to the surrounding with mild
degree of analgesia without incoordination.
Basal anesthesia: is a light level of general
anesthesia usually produced by pre-anesthetic
agents. It serves as a basis for deeper anesthesia
on administration of other agents.
Surgical
anesthesia:
it is a state of
unconsciousness a companied with muscle
relaxation to such a degree the surgery can be
performed without pain.
Local anesthesia (analgesia): it is loss
of sensation in a limited body area without loss
of consciousness by nerve block.
Regional anesthesia (analgesia): it is
loss of sensation in a large but limited area of
the body without loss of consciousness by
epidural, intrathecal, or spinal cord.
Balance anesthesia: it is a system use in
anesthesia practice by combination more
than one drag or technique to reach the
relaxation and analgesia.
 To perform surgical operation or procedure.
 For radiographic procedure.
 For obstetrical procedure.
 For special diagnostic procedure, e.g. in case of
endoscopy, or lameness in horse by nerve
block.
 For cast application.
 Euthanasia by giving overdose of anesthesia.
 To control the convulsion, e.g. in case of
Epilepsy and tetanus.
1) To alleviate pain.
2) To provide relaxation for surgery.
3) Its use for other purposes:
a) Restraint and transportation.
b) Various diagnostic and therapeutic
procedures.
c) Behavior modification.
 Age of animal: the young animal need
large dose of anesthesia / kg B.W., due to
high metabolic rate, very young and old
animals are more sensitive to anesthesia in
comparison to an adult animal.
 Sex
of
animal:
males need more
anesthesia than females, in the same time the
pregnant females are more susceptible to the
general anesthesia drugs due to high
metabolic rate.
1) In horses it is necessary to provide adequate
restraint.
2) In ruminants the use of endotracheal tube and
stomach tube is very necessary in general anesthetic
procedure mainly in inhalation anesthesia to
prevent regurgitation which lead to aspiration
pneumonia.
3) Morphine is contraindicated in cat due to excitatory
effect, but in dogs it is a drug of choice for general
anesthesia, and in horse it has a depressant and
excitatory effect. final effects depend on the dose,
rout, and rate of administration.
1) Animal with large quantity of fat need less
anesthesia / kg B.W. also the same thing in
toxic and emaciated animals.
2) Fear and excited animal required more
anesthesia dose and sometime this will lead
to state of over dose.
3) Liver, kidney and lung diseases increase the
anesthesia risk, example: intra venous
general anesthesia agent should not be
giving to animal suffering from liver and
kidney diseases.
 Premedication: tranquilizers decrease the
metabolic rate, while the atropine sulphate cause
increased in metabolic rate. The administration of
muscle relaxant drugs with the general anesthesia
should be avoided in animal early treated with
antibiotics their names end with mycine and also
with organophosphorous compound.
 Nature site and duration
surgical operation:
of
the
a) Local anesthesia used for minor and short surgical
operation.
b) In case of ruminatomy, local anesthesia are used to
perform this operation.
A. Local anesthesia (analgesia): giving to
the animals by the following ways:
1) Topical (surface) application of local anesthesia.
2) Splash block.
3) Intra-articular or synovial block.
4) Intra and sub dermal infiltration.
a) Line block.
b) Ring block.
c) Field block.
1)
2)
Application of perineural injection.
Spinal block by two methods: a) Epidural injection.
b) Intra thecal injection.
1) Use combination with local anesthesia to perform
different surgical operation.
2) Sedation also used as premedication for general
anesthesia.
D. General anesthesia: it is accrue by
three methods:
1) Inhalation: anesthetic gases or vapors are
inhaled.
a) Intravascular:
anesthetic
solution
is
administration by intravenous, intra-arterial,
intra-cardiac, or intramedullary (bone marrow)
injection.
b) Other injectable routes: anesthetic agent
is
administration
by
intramuscular,
intraperitoneal, intrathoracic, and subcutaneous
injection.