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• PMML
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Predictive analytics PMML
In an attempt to provide a standard
language for expressing predictive
models, the Predictive Model Markup
Language (PMML) has been proposed.
Such an XML-based language provides a
way for the different tools to define
predictive models and to share these
between PMML compliant applications.
PMML 4.0 was released in June, 2009.
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Data mining Standards
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For exchanging the extracted models – in
particular for use in predictive analytics –
the key standard is the Predictive Model
Markup Language (PMML), which is an
XML-based language developed by the
Data Mining Group (DMG) and supported
as exchange format by many data mining
applications
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Data mining Commercial data-mining software and applications
IBM DB2 Intelligent Miner: in-database
data mining platform provided by IBM, with
modeling, scoring and visualization
services based on the SQL/MM - PMML
framework.
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Oracle Data Mining - PMML
In Release 11gR2 (11.2.0.2), ODM
supports the import of externally-created
PMML for some of the data mining
models. PMML is an XML-based standard
for representing data mining models.
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SQL Server Analysis Services - Data definition language (DDL)
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For data mining models import and export, it
also supports Predictive Model Markup
Language|PMML.
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In-database processing - Translating Models into SQL Code
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Many analytic model-building tools have
the ability to export their models in either
in SQL or PMML (Predictive Modeling
Markup Language)
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Flaying - Causes of death
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Dermatologist Ernst G. Jung notes that
the typical causes of death due to
flaying are Shock (circulatory)|shock,
critical loss of blood or other body
fluids, hypothermia, or infections, and
that the actual death is estimated to
occur from a few hours, up to a few
days after the flaying.Jung (2007),
[http://books.google.no/books?id=LA
nRRHPMmlcCpg=PA69 p.69]
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Flaying - History
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Jung, in his Kleine Kulturgeschichte Der
Haut (A small cultural history of the
skin) provides an essay in which he
outlines the Neo-Assyrian tradition of
flaying human beings.Paragraph based
on the essay Von Ursprung des Schindens
in Assyrien in Jung (2007),
[http://books.google.no/books?id=LAnR
RHPMmlcCpg=PA67 p.67-70] Already
from the times of Ashurnasirpal II (r.883859 BC), the practice is displayed and
commemorated in both carvings and
official royal edicts
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Predictive Model Markup Language
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The 'Predictive Model Markup Language'
('PMML') is an XML-based file format
developed by the Data Mining Group to
provide a way for applications to describe
and exchange statistical model|models
produced by data mining and machine
learning algorithms. It supports common
models such as logistic regression and
feedforward neural networks.
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Predictive Model Markup Language - PMML Components
A PMML file can be described by the following
components:A. Guazzelli, M. Zeller, W. Chen, and
G. Williams. [http://journal.r-project.org/20091/RJournal_2009-1_Guazzelli+et+al.pdf PMML:
An Open Standard for Sharing Models]. The R
Journal, Volume 1/1, May 2009.A. Guazzelli, W.
Lin, T. Jena (2010).
[http://www.amazon.com/PMML-Action-2ndUnleashing-Predictive/dp/1470003244 PMML in
Action (2nd Edition): Unleashing the Power of
Open Standards for Data Mining and Predictive
Analytics]. CreateSpace.
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Predictive Model Markup Language - PMML Components
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* 'Header (computing)|Header': contains
general information about the PMML
document, such as copyright information
for the model, its description, and
information about the application used to
generate the model such as name and
version. It also contains an attribute for a
timestamp which can be used to specify
the date of model creation.
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Predictive Model Markup Language - PMML Components
* 'Data transformation (statistics)|Data
Transformations': transformations allow for
the mapping of user data into a more
desirable form to be used by the mining
model. PMML defines several kinds of
simple data transformations.
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Predictive Model Markup Language - PMML Components
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* 'Predictive modelling|Model': contains the
definition of the data mining model. E.g., A
multi-layered feedforward neural network
is represented in PMML by a
NeuralNetwork element which contains
attributes such as:
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Predictive Model Markup Language - PMML Components
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Besides neural networks, PMML allows
for the representation of many other
types of models including support
vector machines, association rules,
Naive Bayes classifier, clustering
models, Text mining|text models,
Decision tree learning|decision trees,
and different Regression
analysis|regression models.
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Predictive Model Markup Language - PMML Components
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** Outlier Treatment (attribute outliers):
defines the outlier treatment to be use. In
PMML, outliers can be treated as missing
values, as extreme values (based on the
definition of high and low values for a
particular field), or as is.
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Predictive Model Markup Language - PMML Components
In PMML 4.1, all the built-in and
custom functions that were originally
available only for pre-processing
became available for post-processing
too.
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Predictive Model Markup Language - PMML 4.0, 4.1 and 4.2
PMML 4.0 was released on June 16,
2009.[http://www.dmg.org/v40/Changes.html Data Mining Group
website | PMML 4.0 - Changes from
PMML
3.2][http://adapasupport.zementis.com/
2009/06/pmml-40-is-here.html Zementis
website | PMML 4.0 is here!]R. Pechter.
[http://www.sigkdd.org/explorations/is
sues/11-1-2009-07/p3V11n1.pdf What's
PMML and What's New in PMML 4.0?]
The ACM SIGKDD Explorations
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Predictive Model Markup Language - PMML 4.0, 4.1 and 4.2
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* Model Explanation: Saving of evaluation and
model performance measures to the PMML file
itself.
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Predictive Model Markup Language - PMML 4.0, 4.1 and 4.2
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PMML 4.1 was released on December 31,
2011.[http://www.dmg.org/v41/Changes.html Data Mining Group
website | PMML 4.1 - Changes from
PMML 4.0][http://www.predictiveanalytics.info/2012/01/pmml-41-is-heremature-standard-for.html Predictive
Analytics Info website | PMML 4.1 is here!]
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Predictive Model Markup Language - PMML 4.0, 4.1 and 4.2
* Simplification of multiple models. In
PMML 4.1, the same element is used to
represent model segmentation, ensemble,
and chaining.
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Predictive Model Markup Language - PMML 4.0, 4.1 and 4.2
The latest version of PMML, 4.2, was
released on February 28, 2014.
[http://www.dmg.org/v4-2/Changes.html
Data Mining Group website | PMML 4.2 Changes from PMML
4.1][http://www.predictiveanalytics.info/2014/02/pmml-42-is-herewhat-changed-what-is-new.html Predictive
Analytics Info website | PMML 4.2 is here!]
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Fumaria officinalis - Etymology
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Its Greek name is kapnos (, for smoke) and
the name fumewort now applies mostly to the
genus Corydalis, especially the similar
looking Corydalis solida (formerly Fumaria
bulbosa), which was thought to belong to the
same genus as
fumitory.[http://books.google.com/books?id=
NJ6PyhVuecwCpg=PA172lpg=PA172dq=fum
us+terraesource=blots=jc9dnwOXjesig=ZeaA
cBlXYpmcLtjTazTYeXD9RoYhl=ensa=Xei=Ld
dKU47sPMmL2AXDr4GgBQved=0CDgQ6AE
wAg#v=onepageq=fumus%20terraef=false
The Names of Plants, Fourth Edition],
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Gender-neutrality in languages without grammatical gender - Yoruba
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http://books.google.com/books?hl=enlr=i
d=X3JSjO6_UvICoi=fndpg=PR9dq=Oyewu
mi+Oyeronkeots=qhEvT5_qZ2sig=hdjpMM
lSPnVZ3TbAW4KR2SLbIk#v=onepageq=O
yewumi%20Oyeronkef=false Lugones
observes that among the Yoruba people
there was no concept of gender and no
gender system at all before colonialism.
She argues that colonial powers used a
gender system as a tool for domination
and fundamentally changing social
relations among the indigenous.
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