Transcript Organizations that help shape community health

Chap 2: Organizations That Help
Shape Community Health
Anita Sego
Spring, 2005
Chap 2: Organizations
Chapter Objectives
• Explain the need for organizing to
improve community health.
• Explain what a governmental health
organization is and give examples.
• Explain the role of the World Health
Organization (WHO) plays in
community health
Chap 2: Organizations
Chapter Objectives
• Briefly describe the structure and
function of the United States
Department of health and Human
Services (HHS).
• State the core functions of public
health.
• List the 10 essential public health
services.
• Explain the relationship between a
state and local health departments
Chap 2: Organizations
Chapter Objectives
• Identify programs that should be
provided by local health departments
• Explain what is meant by the term
coordinated school health program.
• Define the term quasi-governmental
and explain why some health
organizations are classified under
this term.
Chap 2: Organizations
Chapter Objectives
• List three primary activities of most
voluntary health organizations.
• Identify five major professional
health organizations and three
foundations that support community
health efforts.
• Explain how philanthropic
foundations contribute to community
health.
Chap 2: Organizations
Chapter Objectives
• Discuss the role that service, social,
and religious organizations play in
community health.
• Identify the major reason why
corporations are involved in
community health and describe
some corporate activities that
contribute to community health.
Chap 2: Organizations
Introduction
• Today’s Communities
– Highly developed and centralized resources in our
national institutions and organizations
– Continued concentration of wealth and population in
the largest metropolitan areas
– rapid movement of information, resources and
people
– limited horizontal relationships between
organizations
– Top-down funding for many community programs.
Chap 2: Organizations
Governmental Health
Agencies
• GOVERNMENTAL HEALTH
AGENCIES
– Funded primarily by tax dollars
– Managed by governmental officials
– Authority for some area of health
• LEVELS
–
–
–
–
International
National
State
Local
Chap 2: Organizations
World Health Organization
• HISTORY
– United Nations charter in 1945 established the need
– Officially began April 7, 1948 - World Health Day
• ORGANIZATION
– Open membership
– Administered by director-general and 5 assistant
directors-general
• PURPOSE
– Attainment by all peoples of the best possible level
of health
Chap 2: Organizations
National Health Agencies
• Department of Health and Human Services
– Principal agency for protecting the health of all
Americans and providing essential human services
– Other agencies also contribute to our Nation’s health
• WIC
• OSHA
• EPA
• ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
– 12 Operating divisions
Chap 2: Organizations
Organizational Chart
The Secretary
Deputy Secretary
Administration
for Children
and Families
(ACF)
Administration
of
Aging
(AoA)
Health Care
Financing
Administration
(HCFA)
Agency for
Healthcare
Research & Quality
(AHRQ)
Centers for
Disease Control
and Prevention
(CDC)
Agency for Toxic
Substances and
Disease Registry
(ATSDR)
Food
and Drug
Administration
(FDA)
Health Resources
and Services
Administration
(HRSA)
Indian
Health
Service
(IHS)
National
Institutes
of Health
(NIH)
Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Svcs
Administration
(SAMHSA)
Program
Support
Center
(PSC)
Chap 2: Organizations
• Is responsible for providing direction and
leadership for all federal programs for needy
children and families (Administers Head Start
program).
The Secretary
Deputy Secretary
Administration
for Children
and Families
(ACF)
Administration
for Children
and Families
(ACF)
Administration
of
Aging
(AoA)
Health Care
Financing
Administration
(HCFA)
Agency for
Healthcare
Research & Quality
(AHRQ)
Centers for
Disease Control
and Prevention
(CDC)
Agency for Toxic
Substances and
Disease Registry
(ATSDR)
Food
and Drug
Administration
(FDA)
Health Resources
and Services
Administration
(HRSA)
Indian
Health
Service
(IHS)
National
Institutes
of Health
(NIH)
Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Svcs
Administration
(SAMHSA)
Program
Support
Center
(PSC)
Chap 2: Organizations
• Supports a nationwide aging network,
providing services to the elderly, especially to
enable them to remain independent. Supports
services and provides leadership on aging
issues.
The Secretary
Deputy Secretary
Administration
of
Aging
(AoA)
Administration
for Children
and Families
(ACF)
Administration
of
Aging
(AoA)
Health Care
Financing
Administration
(HCFA)
Agency for
Healthcare
Research & Quality
(AHRQ)
Centers for
Disease Control
and Prevention
(CDC)
Agency for Toxic
Substances and
Disease Registry
(ATSDR)
Food
and Drug
Administration
(FDA)
Health Resources
and Services
Administration
(HRSA)
Indian
Health
Service
(IHS)
National
Institutes
of Health
(NIH)
Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Svcs
Administration
(SAMHSA)
Program
Support
Center
(PSC)
Chap 2: Organizations
• Administers the Medicare and Medicaid
Programs, which provide health care coverage
to about 75 million Americans.
The Secretary
Deputy Secretary
Health Care
Financing
Administration
(HCFA)
Administration
for Children
and Families
(ACF)
Administration
of
Aging
(AoA)
Health Care
Financing
Administration
(HCFA)
Agency for
Healthcare
Research & Quality
(AHRQ)
Centers for
Disease Control
and Prevention
(CDC)
Agency for Toxic
Substances and
Disease Registry
(ATSDR)
Food
and Drug
Administration
(FDA)
Health Resources
and Services
Administration
(HRSA)
Indian
Health
Service
(IHS)
National
Institutes
of Health
(NIH)
Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Svcs
Administration
(SAMHSA)
Program
Support
Center
(PSC)
Chap 2: Organizations
• Is the lead agency charged with supporting
research designed to improve the quality of
healthcare, reduce its costs, improve patient
safety, decrease medical errors, and broaden
access
The Secretary
Deputy Secretary
Agency for
Healthcare
Research & Quality
(AHRQ)
Administration
for Children
and Families
(ACF)
Administration
of
Aging
(AoA)
Health Care
Financing
Administration
(HCFA)
Agency for
Healthcare
Research & Quality
(AHRQ)
Centers for
Disease Control
and Prevention
(CDC)
Agency for Toxic
Substances and
Disease Registry
(ATSDR)
Food
and Drug
Administration
(FDA)
Health Resources
and Services
Administration
(HRSA)
Indian
Health
Service
(IHS)
National
Institutes
of Health
(NIH)
Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Svcs
Administration
(SAMHSA)
Program
Support
Center
(PSC)
Chap 2: Organizations
• Serves as the national focus for developing
and applying disease prevention and control,
environmental health, and health promotion
and health education activities designed to
improve the health of the people of the US.
The Secretary
Deputy Secretary
Centers for
Disease Control
and Prevention
(CDC)
Administration
for Children
and Families
(ACF)
Administration
of
Aging
(AoA)
Health Care
Financing
Administration
(HCFA)
Agency for
Healthcare
Research & Quality
(AHRQ)
Centers for
Disease Control
and Prevention
(CDC)
Agency for Toxic
Substances and
Disease Registry
(ATSDR)
Food
and Drug
Administration
(FDA)
Health Resources
and Services
Administration
(HRSA)
Indian
Health
Service
(IHS)
National
Institutes
of Health
(NIH)
Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Svcs
Administration
(SAMHSA)
Program
Support
Center
(PSC)
Chap 2: Organizations
• Working with states and other federal
agencies, ATSDR deal with the cleanup of
hazardous substances in the environment.
The Secretary
Deputy Secretary
Agency for Toxic
Substances and
Disease Registry
(ATSDR)
Administration
for Children
and Families
(ACF)
Administration
of
Aging
(AoA)
Health Care
Financing
Administration
(HCFA)
Agency for
Healthcare
Research & Quality
(AHRQ)
Centers for
Disease Control
and Prevention
(CDC)
Agency for Toxic
Substances and
Disease Registry
(ATSDR)
Food
and Drug
Administration
(FDA)
Health Resources
and Services
Administration
(HRSA)
Indian
Health
Service
(IHS)
National
Institutes
of Health
(NIH)
Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Svcs
Administration
(SAMHSA)
Program
Support
Center
(PSC)
Chap 2: Organizations
• Mission is to promote and protect public health
by helping safe and effective products reach
the market in a timely way, and monitoring
products for continued safety after they are in
use.
The Secretary
Deputy Secretary
Food
and Drug
Administration
(FDA)
Administration
for Children
and Families
(ACF)
Administration
of
Aging
(AoA)
Health Care
Financing
Administration
(HCFA)
Agency for
Healthcare
Research & Quality
(AHRQ)
Centers for
Disease Control
and Prevention
(CDC)
Agency for Toxic
Substances and
Disease Registry
(ATSDR)
Food
and Drug
Administration
(FDA)
Health Resources
and Services
Administration
(HRSA)
Indian
Health
Service
(IHS)
National
Institutes
of Health
(NIH)
Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Svcs
Administration
(SAMHSA)
Program
Support
Center
(PSC)
Chap 2: Organizations
• Helps provide health resources for medically
underserved populations. Works to build the
health care workforce.
The Secretary
Deputy Secretary
Health Resources
and Services
Administration
(HRSA)
Administration
for Children
and Families
(ACF)
Administration
of
Aging
(AoA)
Health Care
Financing
Administration
(HCFA)
Agency for
Healthcare
Research & Quality
(AHCPR)
Centers for
Disease Control
and Prevention
(CDC)
Agency for Toxic
Substances and
Disease Registry
(ATSDR)
Food
and Drug
Administration
(FDA)
Health Resources
and Services
Administration
(HRSA)
Indian
Health
Service
(IHS)
National
Institutes
of Health
(NIH)
Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Svcs
Administration
(SAMHSA)
Program
Support
Center
(PSC)
Chap 2: Organizations
• Provides comprehensive health service
delivery system to American Indians and
Alaska Natives.
The Secretary
Deputy Secretary
Indian
Health
Service
(IHS)
Administration
for Children
and Families
(ACF)
Administration
of
Aging
(AoA)
Health Care
Financing
Administration
(HCFA)
Agency for
Healthcare
Research & Quality
(AHRQ)
Centers for
Disease Control
and Prevention
(CDC)
Agency for Toxic
Substances and
Disease Registry
(ATSDR)
Food
and Drug
Administration
(FDA)
Health Resources
and Services
Administration
(HRSA)
Indian
Health
Service
(IHS)
National
Institutes
of Health
(NIH)
Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Svcs
Administration
(SAMHSA)
Program
Support
Center
(PSC)
Chap 2: Organizations
• The world’s premier medical research
organization, supporting research projects
nationwide.
The Secretary
Deputy Secretary
National
Institutes
of Health
(NIH)
Administration
for Children
and Families
(ACF)
Administration
of
Aging
(AoA)
Health Care
Financing
Administration
(HCFA)
Agency for
Healthcare
Research & Quality
(AHRQ)
Centers for
Disease Control
and Prevention
(CDC)
Agency for Toxic
Substances and
Disease Registry
(ATSDR)
Food
and Drug
Administration
(FDA)
Health Resources
and Services
Administration
(HRSA)
Indian
Health
Service
(IHS)
National
Institutes
of Health
(NIH)
Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Svcs
Administration
(SAMHSA)
Program
Support
Center
(PSC)
Chap 2: Organizations
• Ensures up-to-date information and state-ofthe-art practice is effectively used for the
prevention and treatment of addictive and
mental disorders.
The Secretary
Deputy Secretary
Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Svcs
Administration
(SAMHSA)
Administration
for Children
and Families
(ACF)
Administration
of
Aging
(AoA)
Health Care
Financing
Administration
(HCFA)
Agency for
Healthcare
Research & Quality
(AHRQ)
Centers for
Disease Control
and Prevention
(CDC)
Agency for Toxic
Substances and
Disease Registry
(ATSDR)
Food
and Drug
Administration
(FDA)
Health Resources
and Services
Administration
(HRSA)
Indian
Health
Service
(IHS)
National
Institutes
of Health
(NIH)
Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Svcs
Administration
(SAMHSA)
Program
Support
Center
(PSC)
Chap 2: Organizations
• Provides qualitative and responsive
administrative support services on a costeffective, competitive, fee-for-service basis to
HHS components and other federal agencies.
The Secretary
Deputy Secretary
Program
Support
Center
(PSC)
Administration
for Children
and Families
(ACF)
Administration
of
Aging
(AoA)
Health Care
Financing
Administration
(HCFA)
Agency for
Healthcare
Research & Quality
(AHRQ)
Centers for
Disease Control
and Prevention
(CDC)
Agency for Toxic
Substances and
Disease Registry
(ATSDR)
Food
and Drug
Administration
(FDA)
Health Resources
and Services
Administration
(HRSA)
Indian
Health
Service
(IHS)
National
Institutes
of Health
(NIH)
Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Svcs
Administration
(SAMHSA)
Program
Support
Center
(PSC)
Chap 2: Organizations
State Health Agencies
• Purpose:
•
To promote, protect, and maintain
the health and welfare of their citizens.
• CORE FUNCTIONS
•
Assessment
•
Policy development
•
Assurance
Chap 2: Organizations
State Health Agencies
Assurance
Evaluate
Assure Competent
Workforce
Link to/ Provide
Care
Enforce Laws
Assessment
Monitor Health
Diagnose &
Investigate
System
Research
Management
Inform, Educate,
Empower
Mobilize ommunity
Partnerships
Develop Policies
Policy
Development
Chap 2: Organizations
State Health Agencies
• DIVISIONS OR BUREAUS
– Administration
– Communicable and chronic disease prevention and
control
– Vital and health statistics
– Public health nursing
– Environmental health
– Health education or promotion
– Maternal and child health
– Mental health
– Occupational and industrial health
– Laboratory services
– Health services
– Veterinary public health
Chap 2: Organizations
Organizational of Local Health
Departments
Board
Health
Commissoner
Environmental
Health
Health
Education
Nursing
Health Officer
(Physician)
Vital
Statistics
Chronic
Disease
Communicable
Disease
Chap 2: Organizations
Local Health Agencies
FUNDING
Major portion comes comes from local property
taxes
Some state and federal dollars
Some programs “fee-for-service” basis
COORDINATED SCHOOL HEALTH
PROGRAM
Health education
Healthful school environment
Health services
Chap 2: Organizations
Coordinated School Health
Program
• An organized set of policies, procedures,
and activities designed to protect, promote,
and improve the health and well-being of
students and staff, thus improving the
student’s ability to learn.
• Components
–
–
–
–
–
school health education - physical education
health services
- school nutrition
school environment
- family and community
counseling
- health promotion
psychological and social services
Chap 2: Organizations
Quasi-governmental
Organizations
•
•
•
•
QUASI-GOVERNMENTAL
HEALTH AGENCIES
– Some responsibilities
assigned by
government but operate
more like voluntary
agencies
– Funded by tax dollars
and private sources
– Operate independently
of government
supervision
AMERICAN RED CROSS
NATIONAL SCIENCE
FOUNDATION
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF
SCIENCES
Chap 2: Organizations
Non-governmental Health
Agencies
• NONGOVERNMENTAL HEALTH AGENCIES
– Funded by private donations
• VOLUNATARY HEALTH AGENCIES
– Created by concerned citizens to deal with a health
need not met by governmental health agencies
• ORGANIZATION
– National
– State
– Local
Chap 2: Organizations
Voluntary Health Agencies
• PURPOSE
– Raise money to fund programs
– Provide education both to professionals and to the
public
– Provide service to those individuals and families that
are afflicted with the health problem
• LARGEST VOLUNATARY HEALTH
AGENCIES
– American Cancer Society
– American Heart Association
– American Lung Association
Chap 2: Organizations
Non-governmental Health
Agencies
• PROFESSIONAL HEALTH
ORGANIZATIONS/ASSOCIATIONS
– Mission - promote high standards of
professional practice for their specific
profession.
– American Public Health Association
– American Medical Association
– American Nursing Association
– American Dental Association
– Society of Public Health Education, Inc.
Chap 2: Organizations
Non-governmental Health
Agencies
• PHILANTROPIC FOUNDATIONS
• Provide funding for research and
programming
–
–
–
–
Rockefeller Foundation
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation
W. K. Kellogg Foundation
Chap 2: Organizations
Non-governmental Health
Agencies
• SERVICE, SOCIAL,
AND RELIGIOUS
ORGANIZATIONS
–
–
–
–
–
Jaycees
Kiwanis Club
Rotary Club
Shriners
American Legion
• CORPORATE
INVOLVEMENT
– Worksite programs
– Sponsorship of healthenhancing activities in
the community
Chap 2: Organizations
Chapter 2
ORANIZATIONS THAT HELP
SHAPE COMMUNITY HEALTH