Transcript CH9 Development - Seaford School District

AIM: WHY DOES DEVELOPMENT
VARY BETWEEN COUNTRIES?
DO NOW: Worksheet! Describe life in various countries
Socially
oEconomically
oDemographically
o
Human Development Index


A country’s level of development can be
distinguished according to three factors –
social, economic, and demographic.
The Human Development Index (HDI),
created by the United Nations, recognizes
that a country’s level of development is a
function of all three of these factors.
Human Development Index (HDI)
Four factors are combined to produce country’s HDI

GDP (gross domestic product) per capita


Literacy rate
Amount of education

Life expectancy
Can you name the top 3
countries with the highest HDI?
United States: Can you guess...
 Life Expectancy
 Average years of schooling
HDI 2014
ECONOMIC MEASURE
Gross Domestic Product (GDP): value of the total
output of goods and services produces in a country,
normally during a year
GDP per capita  Dividing GDP by total population
measures contribution made by the average
individual toward generating a country’s wealth
•
GDP UNITED STATES
GDP = $12 trillion
 Population = 300 million
 GDP per capita = $40,000


Measures average (mean) wealth, not
distribution. Cannot perfectly measure
level of development
SOCIAL INDICATORS
level of development, the greater are both the
quantity and quality of education
•
•
•
•
Quantity: average number of school years attended
Quality: student/teacher ratio and literacy rate
Literacy rate: percentage of a country’s
people who can read and write
Education MDCs vs. LDCs
Average pupil attends school for about
10 years in MDCs vs. couple years in
LDCs
 Student-teacher ratio is twice as high in
LDCs as in MDCs

DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS
Life Expectancy: average number of years
a newborn infant can be expected to live
•
•
•
LDCs – 60s
MDCs – 70s
Other Factors the Determine
Development of Countries
ECONOMIC FACTORS
Types of Jobs (primary, secondary, tertiary)
 Productivity (gross value of product minus
cost of raw materials and energy)
 Raw Materials
 Consumer goods

SOCIAL FACTORS

Health and Welfare
DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS
Infant Mortality Rate
 Natural Increase Rate
 Crude Birth Rate

AIM: WHERE ARE MORE AND LESS
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES?
DO NOW: Vocabulary
REGIONS OF THE WORLD
MORE DEVELOPED
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Anglo America
Western Europe
Eastern Europe
Japan
South Pacific
LESS DEVELOPED
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Latin America
East Asia
Middle East
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
AIM: WHERE DOES LEVEL OF
DEVELOPMENT VARY BY GENDER?
DO NOW:
Gender-Related Development Index

Compares the level of development of
women with that of both sexes
Gender Empowerment Measure

Compares ability of women and men to
participate in economic and political
decision making
Gender-Related Development Index
(GDI)

Uses the same indicators as HDI
 Income
 Literacy
 Education
 Life
expectancy
High GDI means both men and women have
achieved a high level of development
 Low GDI means that women have a low level
of development

Global Gender Gap Report 2015
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=llj7LzTUL
og
Gender-Related Development Index
(GDI)
ECONOMIC INDICATOR

Average income for females is lower than
males in every country in the world
Gender-Related Development Index
(GDI)
SOCIAL INDICATOR

Education & Literacy
 Women
less likely to attend schools in LDCs
 Gap is especially high in secondary level
 Women:Men 99:100 in MDCs, 60:100 LDCs
Gender-Related Development Index
(GDI)
SOCIAL INDICATOR
 LDCs
 Sub-Saharan
Africa & Middle East fewer than
one-third of girls attend school
 In Latin America and Asia, boys and girls are
equally likely but attendance is much less
than in MDCs
Gender-Related Development Index
(GDI)
DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATOR
 Life expectancy
 Gender
gap greater in MDCs than LDCs
 Women expected to live longer in MDCs
Fostering Gender Equality & Empowerment
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KxECHRlr
Hu8
Gender Empowerment


GEM measures the ability of women to participate
in the process of achieving those improvements
two indicators of economic power
income
 professional jobs


two indicators of political power
managerial jobs
 elected jobs

Gender Empowerment

Countries with the highest GEMS are MDCs,
especially in North America, Northern Europe
and South Pacific
Interactive Gender Gap Map

http://widgets.weforum.org/gender-gap-heatmap/
Malala

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gjGL6YY6o
Ms&feature=youtu.be
He for She Campaign

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ZptgM-jhZo
AIM: WHY DO LESS
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
FACE OBSTACLES TO
DEVELOPMENT?
DO NOW: Development Index Review
To reduce disparities between rich
and poor countries, LDCs must
develop more rapidly.
Increasing per capita GDP more rapidly
•
Using additional funds to make more
rapid improvements in people’s social and
economic conditions
•
Two Obstacles


Adopting policies that successfully
promote development
Finding funds to pay for development
Promote Development
One of two ways to promote development


Self-Sufficiency
International Trade
Finding Funds
One of two ways to find funds

Loans from banks and international
organizations

Direct investment by transnational
corporations
Rostow Model
http://www.slideshare.net/geographyallthewa
y/ib-geography-develpent-rostow-model