Transcript Environment, Climate Change and Poverty Mainstreaming

Welcome to Bhutan
Tourism Council of Bhutan
Tourism Council of Bhutan
Presented to: Implementing Inclusive, Green Economy
Approaches: Asia Regional Dialogue on Country
Experiences and Ways Forward for Economic Decision
Makers
Relevance of ECP and Green
Economy to Bhutan
 Development Philosophy based on GNH
 National objectives of poverty reduction and





environmental conservation.
A constitutional commitment to maintain 60% of land
under forest cover at all times.
About 70 % of the rural population depend on agriculture
and related services for livelihood.
More than 98% of those under poverty are rural based.
More than half of Bhutan's GDP can be attributed to
sectors directly or indirectly dependent on the health of
our environment.
Hydropower and tourism sector major contributors to the
national revenue (both dependent on the environment)
GNH – Measure of Progress
GNHI to guide development towards
GNH
Along with MDGs, UNHDI
GNH Indicators & MDGs, UNHDI –
influence resource allocation
GNH Screening Tools to influence
policy & project formulation
What is the GNH Index?
• Initially GNH was guided by the four pillars, now we
have the 9 domains
• A set of indicators that captures the aspirations of the
Bhutanese people
• Indicators will be used for the following:
– to guide Bhutan’s development much like a compass
– To draw attention to areas that need to be addressed and
thus be used as a basis for resource allocation
– GNH Index related Policy and Project Selection Tools
(PPST) will be used to mainstream GNH
Gross National Happiness Commission
GNH as an alternative
Development Framework
 GNH is a development approach that seeks to “achieve
a harmonious balance between material well-being
and the spiritual, emotional and cultural needs of an
individual and society.”
 “GNH based on the belief that since happiness is the
ultimate desire of every citizen, it must be the purpose
of development to create the enabling conditions for
happiness”
Bhutan’s philosophy of Gross National Happiness
GNH Pillars
Pillar 1:
Good
governance
Pillar 2:
Conservation
of the
environment
Pillar 3:
Sustainable
and equitable
socioeconomic
development
Pillar 4:
Preservation
and
promotion of
culture
GNH and MDGs and HDI
Four pillars of GNH and Nine
Domains
Four Pillars
 Sustainable and equitable
socio-economic
development
 Conservation of

Environment
Preservation and
promotion of Culture
 Good Governance
Nine Domains
 Psychological
wellbeing
 Health
 Education
 Culture
 Community Vitality
 Good Governance
 Living Standard
 Time Use
 Ecological Diversity
and resilience
MDGs and Targets
 Goal 1: Eradicate extreme
poverty and hunger


Human Development Index
▪ life expectancy at birth
Goal 2: Achieve universal
primary education
▪
▪
literacy rate
Goal 3: Promote gender
equality and empower women
▪
HDI and Bhutan
GDP per capita (PPP
US$)


Goal 4: Reduce child mortality
•
Goal 5: Improve maternal
health
• Life expectancy at



Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS,

Goal 8: Develop a global
partnership for development
malaria and other diseases
Goal 7: Ensure environment
sustainability
Bhutan’s on HDI
ranked 132
birth : 65.7 yrs
•
Adult literacy rate :
52.8
•
GDP per capita
(PPP US$): 4,837
EM in Bhutan – a timeline:
 2006 – tentative steps towards mainstreaming (from a
‘reactive’ or ‘safeguarding’ to a ‘proactive’ approach
 2008-2009 – PEI (UNDP, UNEP) expanded to include
poverty & CC
 2008-2013 – Capacity building (AusAID) & several
initiatives (ECP Guidelines & EDP)
 2009 – Joint Support Programme (Danida, UNDP, UNEP)
 2011 – ECP RG (Awareness, capacity development, advisory
role – multi-sectoral & catalytic drivers for EM)
Mainstreaming Initiatives & Interventions
into Polices and Plans
10
Mainstreaming into Plans and
Policies
 Identification of windows of opportunities within the
policy and plan formulation process
 Assessing those windows and making interventions
within them.
Mainstreaming into Policies
Policy Protocol
The formulation of any policy begins with the preparation of a
Concept Note which should clearly state the following:
 The reason/rationale for proposing the policy (what issues need
to be addressed and government directives if any).
 The process and indicative timeline that will be followed in
developing the policy including likely need/use of TA. (If TA is
to be used, the ToR must be shared with RED, GNHCS for
comments).
 Identify opportunities and alternatives to integrate GNH
principles and crosscutting issues such as environment,
poverty, climate change, gender, etc. within the policy.
 Major impediments or risks foreseen in the development of the
policy.
13
Policy Protocol Format/Report
Mainstreaming cross-cutting issues
(i)Gender:
 Specific gender inequalities existing;
 Causes of such inequalities and opportunities to
address them; Are there any targeted specific
initiatives proposed?
 Challenges & constraints for attaining gender equality?
(ii)Poverty:
 Initiatives to address income gaps & inequalities.
Policy Protocol Format/Report
Mainstreaming cross-cutting issues
(iii) Environment:
 Identification of key sustainability issues linked with this
policy and mainstreaming of these issues;
 Opportunities for sustainable use of natural resources; and
 Contribution to national goals, principles, and international
commitments, eg. Carbon neutrality
(iv) Vulnerability and resilience (adaptation) of
communities and eco-systems
 Climate change
 Disaster
 Environmental degradation
15
GNH Screening
 The final draft policy before endorsement is screened
to see if it is GNH favorable or not:
 The policy is screened for its perceived impact on 22
variables.
 Variables relate to areas such as Economic Security,
Material Well being, Equity, Gender Equality,
Environmental Degradation and
Some achievements with Policies
 Fiscal Incentives within the Economic Development
Plan to promote Greener Eco Efficient Industries
 Draft Minerals Development Policy revised to include
sections on revision of royalties, contributions to
community welfare, health, education, gender, and
Strategic Environmental Assessment.
 Sections inserted within the Renewable Energy Policy
to incentivize communities to operate renewable
energy schemes and also encourage supply and use of
energy efficient appliance.
Mainstreaming in Plans
Goal: “Self-reliance19 and Inclusive Green Socio-Economic Development”.
20
6 Step Matrix – ECPM Framework
Workshop on ECP mainstreaming matrix with all sectors from 4th to 10th January
2012 – Framework for Mainstreaming ECP in the 11th FYP.
Workshop on ECP Mainstreaming with Districts from 7th to 20th September
2012
Key ECP
Pressure/
Concern
Analysis on
Status, Trends
and Impacts of
Identified
Pressure/
Concern
Proactive
Opportunities &
Alternative
Options to
Mitigate or
Address
Identified
Pressure/Concern
Short and
Long Term
Impacts/
Benefits of
Proposed
Opportunities
& Alternative
Options
M&E for
Proposed
Opportunities
& Alternative
Options with
Indicators at
Outcome and
Output levels
Link
with
NKRAs/
SKRAs/
DKRAs
Problem
Data/scenario
s
Solutions
Benefits
M&E
Link
21
Other ECP Outcomes
 Public Environment Expenditure Report
 Greening of National Accounts initiated
 Targeted Intervention for Poverty Reduction:
 Rural Economy Advancement Programme
 National Rehabilitation Programme
 Strategic Assessments done for Punatsang Chu Hydropower
Basin and Damdum Industrial Estate
 Strategic Assessment planned for all 10,000 MW hydropower
projects.
22
Thank You