Transcript south asia ii

SOUTH ASIA II
(CHAPTER 8: 387-417)
KEY CONCEPTS
APPLICABLE TO THE REALM
 CENTRIPETAL - CENTRIFUGAL FORCES
 FORWARD CAPITAL

ISLAMABAD
 IRREDENTISM

PATHANS (OR PASHTUNS) OF PAKISTAN RELATED
TO PEOPLES OF CENTRAL AFGHANISTAN
 FEDERAL SYSTEM


ADOPTED BY INDIA IN 1947
PROVIDES REGIONS AND PEOPLES WITH SOME
AUTONOMY AND IDENTITY
PAKISTAN (AT PARTITION)
India
West Pakistan
East Pakistan
P
A
K
I
S
T
A
N
PAKISTAN
 ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN
 POPULATION OF 149.6 MILLION
 80% SUNNI MUSLIMS; 16% SHIA MINORITY
 SUBREGIONS:




PUNJAB
SIND
BALUCHISTAN
NORTH WEST FRONTIER
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
(PAKISTAN)
 33% URBANIZED
 LOW INCOME ECONOMY
 ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION BEGAN IN
1990 TO BOOST FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC
PRIVATE INVESTMENT.
 COTTON-BASED TEXTILE INDUSTRY AND
RICE
 SUPPORTS A LARGE MILITARY
ESTABLISHMENT (EMERGING REGIONAL
POWER)
KASHMIR
 INDEPENDENCE & PARTITION

JAMMU & KASHMIR FACED WITH THE CHOICE OF JOINING
EITHER HINDU INDIA OR MUSLIM PAKISTAN

KASHMIR – HINDU MAHARAJA BUT MUSLIM POPULATION
 1947 – PAKISTANI TRIBESMEN INVADE
 MAHARAJA FLEES TO DELHI AND ACCEDES TO INDIA
 INDIAN TROOPS DEPLOY – PAKISTANI REGULARS
JOIN IN THE FIGHT
 JANUARY 1949 – U.N. CEASE FIRE
 1980-88 MUSLIM EXTREMISTS CONTINUE
INSURGENCY
INDIA
INDIA
 ENCOMPASSES 3/4s OF SOUTH ASIA’S
TOTAL AREA
 A FEDERATION OF 28 STATES, 6 UTs, AND
1 NCT
 POPULATION OF 1.086 BILLION PEOPLE
 28% URBANIZED
 14 MAJOR AND NUMEROUS MINOR
LANGUAGES (LINGUA FRANCA?)
 CENTRIPETAL VS CENTRIFUGAL FORCES?
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
(INDIA)
 GDP OF $450 PER PERSON
 38% LIVE BELOW THE POVERTY LINE
 A MIXTURE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE
FARMING AND MODERN AGRICULTURE
 HANDICRAFTS, OLD AND NEW BRANCHES
OF INDUSTRY
 MULTITUDE OF SUPPORT SERVICES AND
NUCLEAR POWER
 CLOTHING INDUSTRY
E. J. PALKA
E. J. PALKA
E. J. PALKA
GREEN REVOLUTION
 THE SUCCESSFUL DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER
YIELD, FAST-GROWING VARIETIES OF RICE AND
OTHER CEREALS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES



INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH PROGRAM-1960s
FOCUSED ON THE FOOD CRISES
INCREASED PRODUCTION PER UNIT AREA VIA:
 MIRACLE CROPS
 NEW IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
 INTENSIVE USE OF FERTILIZERS
INDIA’S GREAT CITIES
 MUMBAI (BOMBAY)- 18.3 MILLION
 ACHIEVED “PRIMACY” BASED ON ITS SITUATION
(SUEZ CANAL)
 KOLKATA (CALCUTTA)- 14.3 MILLION
 500,000 HOMELESS
 FORMER BRITISH COLONIAL CAPITAL- 1772
 ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY PARTITION
 DELHI (NEW AND OLD)- 15.3 MILLION
 BRITISH AND INDIAN SEAT OF GOVERNMENT
DELHI
MUMBAI
KOLKATA
BANGLADESH
BANGLADESH
 INDEPENDENT SINCE 1971
 FORMERLY EAST PAKISTAN
 85% MUSLIM, 12% HINDU
 139.5 MILLION PEOPLE
 PHYSIOLOGIC DENSITY = 3,800/sq mi
 2.2% ANNUAL GROWTH RATE
 PER CAPITA GNP = 350 US DOLLARS
 NATURAL HAZARDS - CYCLONES
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
(BANGLADESH)
 LOW LEVELS OF DEVELOPMENT
(TECHNOLOGY)
 ONE OF THE WORLD’S POOREST AND
LEAST DEVELOPED STATES
 ECONOMY IS OVERWHELMINGLY
AGRICULTURAL
 CULTIVATION OF RICE IS THE SINGLE
MOST IMPORTANT ACTIVITY IN THE
ECONOMY.
THE MOUNTAINOUS NORTH
THE SOUTHERN ISLANDS
 MALDIVES
 >1,000 ISLANDS
 <115 SQ MI / 300 SQ KMS
 POPULATION OF 300,000
 DRAVIDIAN AND SRI LANKA
SOURCES
 OVERWHELMINGLY
MUSLIM
 HIGHEST GNP IN THE
REALM
 SRI LANKA
 FORMERLY CEYLON
 INDEPENDENT SINCE 1948
SRI LANKA
 19.7 MILLION PEOPLE (70% BUDDHISTS)
 PLANTATION AGRICULTURE:
 TEA, RUBBER, COCONUTS
 SOUTH (MAJORITY OF POPULATION)
 ARYAN
 BUDDHISTS
 SPEAK SINHALA (INDO-EUROPEAN)
 NORTH (18% OF THE POPULATION)
 DRAVIDIAN
 HINDU
 TAMIL LANGUAGE
E. J. PALKA
E. J. PALKA
E. J. PALKA
E. J. PALKA
E. J. PALKA
SRI LANKA
 SINHALESE vs TAMILS
 TAMILS DEMANDED EQUAL
RIGHTS:
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EDUCATION
EMPLOYMENT
LAND OWNERSHIP
LANGUAGE AND POLITICS
 INSURGENT STATE
 LTTE – LIBERATION TIGERS
OF TAMIL EELAM
SOUTH ASIA II
(CHAPTER 8: 387-477)