Transcript 1.02 Summarize factors to consider when choosing a place to live.

1.02 Summarize factors to
consider when choosing a
place to live.
What factors should be considered when choosing a place to live?
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Forces that Influences on
Housing
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History
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Technology
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Culture
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Economy
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Society
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Environment
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Government
Which of these forces involve people?
Which of these forces involve conditions?
Historical Influences
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Industrial Revolution
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Increase in urban housing
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Increase in birth rate, cities grew
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Increased demand for housing in urban areas
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Housing was built close together and crowded causing high density
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Tenement housing: early apartments
Row houses: continuous group of dwellings connected by common sidewalls
Duplexes: two-family dwellings
Historical Influences
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1700s-1800s new inventions, machinery, and technology increased changes in
the housing industry
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1900s the number of immigrants to the US dramatically increased and moved
into cities.
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World War I paused the building of housing, causing a shortage,
overcrowding and decline in home ownership
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After WWI 1/3 of the population was living in substandard housing, below
the standards best for people
By the Great Depression, more than 1/2 of the US population lived in cities
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Housing construction was still decreased
People of all incomes struggled
Private enterprise and the government saw a need for housing reform
Historical Influences
S Factory-produced units emerged to meet the housing shortages
S Lower cost
S Less construction time
S After World War II, housing construction continued
S Tract homes, groups of similarly designed homes appeared
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Housing improvements
S New towns
S Subdivisions
Cultural Influences
S Occurred in North America when settlers arrived from all over the
world to join the Native Americans
S Navajo tribe of the North American Southwest, lived in a
“hogan”, a building made of logs and mud
S Windows faced west and a single door faced east
S Immigrants and their unique cultures influenced housing
development
S Spanish built “missions” with whitewashed walls and red-tiled
roofs
S Pilgrims, duplicated Native Americans, then duplicated English
cottages after the winter
Societal Influences
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Changes in household:
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Needs
Wants
Lifestyles
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Household size
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Household composition
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Growth of older population
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People with disabilities
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Affordable housing
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Planning for leisure time
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Working from home
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Mobile living
Environmental Influences
S Natural Environment – provided by land
S Land, water, trees, solar energy, climate
S Topography: lay of land and climate influence the location and design of
dwellings
S Constructed Environment- includes the natural environment after it
has been changed by human effort
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Built, landscaped, heated/cooled to control the indoor climate
S Behavioral Environment- an environment for people to interact with
one another
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Human qualities and feelings
Economic Influences
S Production and consumption of goods and services related
to housing
S Interaction among consumers, businesses, and government in
meeting housing needs
S Resources: objects, qualities, and personal strengths used to
reach a goal
Economic Influences
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Housing affecting the economy
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Measuring the economy based on the number of families that can afford to
buy a median-priced home in their area
Measuring the economy through the number of housing starts, or new houses
being built in a given year
When the economy is down, the number of housing starts may fall short of
expectations.
Economy affecting housing
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The housing industry depends on the housing market, the transfer of dwellings
from the producers to the consumers
The strength of the housing market depends on supply and demand, the
number of existing homes vs. the number needed by the population
Growth in the housing industry has a positive impact on the gross domestic
product (GDP), which is the value of all goods and services produced within a
given country during a given time period.
Technological Influences
S Knowledge of tools, materials, and processes allows people to adapt
to their environment
S Technology changes over time as new and better ways of meeting
human needs
S “High tech” has a big and growing influence on housing decisions
S Media rooms, home theaters, sound systems
S Many architects and interior designers use computer aided drafting
and design (CADD)
Creates designs with a computer to develop housing interiors and housing
plans
S Plans can be quickly adjusted to conserve materials, improve building
structure, and energy efficiency
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Governmental Influences
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Legislation- laws regulating housing
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Federal Housing Administration (FHA)- the passage of the Housing Act of 1937, the
public-housing program was created with the objective of providing decent, sanitary
housing for low-income families
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US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)- this is a cabinet-level,
policy-making body whose mission is to promote a decent, safe, and sanitary home, and
suitable living environment for all Americans.
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Building codes- establish minimum standards for materials and construction methods
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Uniform Building code is the most widely adopted model building code in the world, it
sets the minimum standards for building construction
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Zoning regulation- a government requirement that controls land use
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Consumer Product Safety Commission- created to foster a positive natural environment
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Environmental Protection Agency- created to safeguard the natural environment,
including the air, water, and land upon which life depends.