Transcript Globalization and Its Discontents - California State University, Fullerton

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Have studied world history by country, but
do countries matter anymore?
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Southern California: Collectively 6th richest
country in world
EU under threat now but collectively was 2nd
largest economy to that of the US in 2006
Banks, corporations, even underground drug
dealers may be more important in global
economy than nation-states?
 How does government fiscal policy work?
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Understand the origins and forces that shaped
the modern world from 1400 and the emerging
factors that contribute to a multipolar world
order:
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China maybe most powerful country in the world in
1500
Much of class is about how Europe, the U.S., and
Japan surpassed China economically and politically
Now? China a powerful economy, but politically ?
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GDP – GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT =the
market value of all final goods and services
produced within a country in a given period.
GDP per capita is often considered an indicator
of a country's standard of living GDP = private
consumption + gross investment + government
spending + (exports − imports), or GDP = C + I
+ G +(X - M )
PER CAPITA GDP=GROSS DOMESTIC
PRODUCT PER PERSON=
GDP/POPULATION
>$30,000
$10,000-29,999
$5,000-9,999
$2,000-4,999
<$2,000
Luxembourg $71,400
Taiwan $29,500
Thailand $9,200
Serbia $4,400
Senegal $1,800
United Arab Emirates
$49,700
Spain $27,400
Romania $9,100
Angola $4,400
Haiti $1,800
Norway $46,300
Israel $26,200
Brazil $8,800
Egypt $4,200
N. Korea $1,800
Ireland $44,509
S. Korea $24,500
Iran $8,700
Syria $4,100
Cote d’Ivoire $1,600
U.S. $44,000
Kuwait $23,100
Dom.Rep. $8,400
Cuba $4,000
Rwanda $1,600
Canada $35,000
Czech $21,900
Ukraine $7,800
Indonesia $3,900
Nigeria $1,500
Australia $33,300
Portugal $19,800
China $7,700
India $3,800
Gaza $1,500
Japan $33,100
Hungary $17,600
Algeria $7,600
Vietnam $3,100
West Bank $1,500
Netherlands $32,100
Argentina $15,200
Peru $6,600
Iraq $2,900
Tajikistan $1,300
Germany $31,900
Oman $14,400
Jordan $5,100
Cambodia $2,700
Burkina Faso $1,300
U.K.(England)
$31,800
Poland $14,300
Philippines $5,000
Ghana $2,700
Mali $1,300
Singapore $31,400
Saudi Arabia $13,600
Pakistan $2,600
Benin $1,100
France $31,100
Croatia $13,400
Sudan $2,400
Afghanistan $800
Italy $30,200
Russia $12,200
Bangladesh $2,300
Congo (D.R.) $700
Mexico $10,700
Zimbabwe $2,100
Somalia $600
>$39,500
$24,000-39,500
$10,300-23,900
$2,000-$A10,299
<$4,500
Qatar $103,900
Taiwan $39,400
Portugal $23,800
Cuba $10,200
India $3,900
Luxembourg $81,100
United Kingdom
$37,500
Poland $20,900
China $9,300
Ghana $3,400
Singapore $61,400
Japan $36,900
Hungary $20,00
Bosnia $8,400
West Bank $2,900
Norway, $55,900
France $36,100
Argentina $18,400
Namibia $7,900
Pakistan $2,900
Brunei $55,300
European Union
$35,100
Russia $18,000
Algeria $7,600
Nigeria $2,800
Hong Kong $52,300
South Korea $32,800
Puerto Rico $16,300
El Salvador $7,600
Sudan $2,600
US $50,700
Israel $32,800
Mexico $15,600
Ukraine $7,500
Yemen $2,300
United Arab Emirates
$49,800
Saudi Arabia $31,800
Turkey $15,200
Iraq $7,200
Bangladesh $2,100
Switzerland $46,200
Spain $31,100
Venezuela $13,800
Iraq $2,900
Senegal $2,100
Canada $43,400
Italy $30,600
Iran $13,300
Egypt $6,700
North Korea $1,800
Australia, $43,300
New Zealand $30,200
Brazil $12,100
Angola $6,500
Kenya $1,800
Austria $43,100
Oman $29,600
South Africa $11,600
Indonesia $5,100
Benin $1,700
Netherlands $42,900
Slovenia $28,700
Peru $10,900
Syria $5,100
Haiti $1,300
Ireland $42,600
Czech Republic
$27,600
Serbia $10,600
Congo Republic
$4,700
Afghanastan $1,100
Germany $39,700
Greece $24,900
Thailand $10,300
Philippines $4,500
Zimbabwe $600
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Greater LA, Orange,
San Bernardino, and
Riverside Counties
produce more output
than Russia
Throw in San Diego
County, Southern
California Produces
more output than
most of world
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Legacy of Wars
 World War I, exacerbated by Cold War Conflicts
 Instability in Middle East
 Israel/Palestine
 Iraq
 Iran
 World War II
 Japan received over 2 billion dollars from the US to rebuild after war
 Both Germany and Japan prevented from spending money on armies
 Cold War
 U.S. backed countries got better foreign aid and advice
 Marshall Funds, Europe
 Soviet priorities emphasized more weapons than aid
 North, South Korea
 East, West Germany
Religious Fundamentalism and Ethnic Tensions
 Especially significant in Africa and the Middle East
 Civil strife not so good for economic development
Natural Resources Not that Important
 France, Germany, Japan lack natural resources
 Nigeria and other impoverished countries in Africa extraordinarily rich in natural
resources
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To some extent, the development of
underdevelopment
Colonial powers reshape economies and production in
colonies to benefit themselves
 Colonial rule left legacies that made countries unstable—
especially in Africa and Latin America
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 Ruled through wealthy colonial elites, who own most land
 Pulled so much wealth out of colonies that it impoverished
illiterate poor
 Often emphasized and exacerbated ethnic tensions to rule
more effectively
 Emphasis on cash crops like Coffee and sugar impoverished
whole countries except elites (later drugs become powerful
cash crops) – retarded industrialization
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Industrial Revolution—late 18th century
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Second Industrial Revolution—late 19th Century
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Mechanization of textile industry
Steam engine: use of machines to make things instead of crafting them by
hand
Assembly line—turn people into machines
Era of mass production
Third Industrial Revolution? – Now?
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New materials, new processes
 Much lower input of labor, especially with robotics—cost of labor as a proportion
of production cost will go down
 Key demand for labor will be in collaborative manufacturing services available
on-line
 “The Days of huge factories full of lots of people are not there anymore”—Colin
Smith, Director of Engineering and technology for Rolls Royce
 Digitization of manufacturing—everything in factory will be run by smarter
software—Does this make more training and education crucial?
 If so, why is America cutting back on education and training so savagely?
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Will this bring production back to rich countries where demand for new
goods is highest???????:?
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Understand the recurring themes in the
development of diverse cultures and societies
since 1500, including the socio-economic,
political, cultural and environmental impact of
colonialism, industrialism, nationalism, and
globalization
Colonialism – British dominate country for most of its
modern history
 With industrialization, need to persuade people they
want to buy goods and services – Advertising, media a
part of this
Capitalism – Those who run companies search for those
who will work for the lowest wages?
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What does it tell us that the lowest wages might be in
the U.S.? But do those willing to work for the lowest
wages in the U.S. have the same skills as those working
for low wages in India handling call centers?
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Don’t think about population much, but it is
critical: China has second largest world economy,
but per capita GDP still among that of poorest
countries: Should China have a one-child policywhat kinds of odd demographic effects produced
by policy—aging and male population
India prospering, but large size of population
dragging down its economy and the well-being of
ordinary people
What is the difference between the ways in which
countries, religions, dictatorships, democracy
make decisions on population?
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How do these decisions affect men, women, and
children?
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Much of Chinese History about controlling
flood waters
How does population growth and the demands
of industrial society affect the environment?
What is the relationship between environment
and technology?
Why/are we so inept in dealing with
environmental crises?
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Learning Goal C: Critically engage with source
material, including original records, eyewitness
accounts, memoirs, newsppaers, surveys,
statistics, film, and scientific treatises