Transcript Why migration matters for development * and for us

Large movements of refugees and
migrants
Joop Theunissen, with thanks to Migration Section,
Population Division
Department of Economic and Social Affairs
United Nations
www.unmigration.org
SDGsinaction.com
Key migration-related targets
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Strengthen and retain the health workforce in
developing countries (3.c)
Increase the number scholarships for study
abroad (4.b)
Eradicate human trafficking (5.2, 8.7, 16.2)
Protect labour rights of migrant workers (8.8)
Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible
migration (10.7)
Reduce transaction costs of remittances (10.c)
Establish legal identity including through birth
registration (16.9)
Disaggregate data by migratory status (17.18)
Who is an international migrant?
(UNDESA, 1998. Recommendation on statistics of international migration)

Any person who changes her/his country
of residence
• Part of this definition:


A move
Minimum duration of stay
• Not part of this definition:


Reason (work, family, study, asylum, etc.)
Legal status
What is the scale of migration?
(UNDESA, International Migration Report, 2015)

244 million people worldwide
• Of which 24 million refugees and 3 million asylumseekers

These 24 million refugees are part of 64
million people forcibly displaced – either
internally (40 million) or across borders
(24 million)
What is the scale of migration?
(UNDESA, International Migration Report, 2015)
Out of 244 million worldwide:
103m from Asia (43/%)
62m from Europe (37%)
37m from Latin America (15%)
34m from Africa (14%)
To where:
 USA (37m), Germany (12m), Russian
Federation (12m), Saudi Arabia (10m)
From where to where?
Number of international migrants
likely to increase
International migrant stock, 1990-2050 (millions)
Proportion of international migrants in total population
578
2000-2010
growth rate
469
3.2%
2.9%
153
2.8%
2010-2015
growth rate
3.3%
1990-2000375
growth rate
244
222
173
1990
2000
2010
2015
Source: UN/DESA, Population Division (2015).
Trends in International Migrant Stock: The 2015 revision
2050
Changes in working age population will
be significant (2015 – 2050)
138%
20-29
106%
20-59
17%
10%
-12%
Africa
Asia
29%
37%
5% 9%
-8%
-20%-21%
Europe
Latin
America and
the
Caribbean
Northern
America
Source: UN, DESA, Population Division (2015).
World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision
Oceania
Who is a refugee?
(1951 United Nations Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Art .1)
• Refugee definition (art. 1):
• well-founded fear of being persecuted
• reasons: race, religion, nationality, membership of a
particular social group or political opinion
• outside country of nationality and unable to return
•
Non-refoulement (art. 33):
• No country shall expel or return ('refouler') a refugee to
a territory where his life or freedom would be threatened
on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership
of a particular social group or political opinion
Global displacement trends
Uneven responsibility sharing for refugees
Ratio of refugee population to gross domestic product per capita (PPPs)
Under 0.1
Between 0.1 and 1
Between 1 and 15
More than 15
Source: UNHCR Statistical Yearbook 2014, Annex Table 26.
Indicators of host country capacity and contributions, end-2014
Migrant remittances:
A key contribution to development
Top 5 recipients (2013)
71
Total:
414 billion USD
26
China
Philippines
48
% of GDP
US$ billion
60
India
Top 5 recipients as a
share of GDP (2012)
22
Mexico
31
25
25
24
21
Nigeria
Tajikistan
Kyrgyz Nepal
Republic
Moldova
Lesotho
Source: World Bank
United Nations, Population Division/DESA
Ratification of relevant conventions
illustrates Member States’ concerns
UN Summit for Refugees and Migrants
(New York, 19 September)
• Political commitments

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Affirm commitments for refugees and migrants
Launch global campaign “Together — Respect,
Safety and Dignity for All”
Develop global compact for on responsibilitysharing for refugees (2018)
Develop global compact for safe, regular and
orderly migration (2018)
Develop guidance to protect migrants in
vulnerable situations (2018)
• Concrete pledges

Resettlement, humanitarian assistance,
development aid, conflict resolution
New York Declaration for Refugees
and Migrants – key political
commitments





Affirm commitments for refugees and migrants
Launch global campaign “Together — Respect,
Safety and Dignity for All”
Develop global compact for on responsibilitysharing for refugees (2018)
Develop global compact for safe, regular and
orderly migration (2018)
Develop guidance to protect migrants in vulnerable
situations (2018)
Imagine… a new global compact
Global compact for safe, orderly and
regular migration




What: Framework for international
cooperation on migrants and mobility
When: Adopted at 2018 international
conference on international migration
How: Preparatory process,
intergovernmental negotiations
Basis: 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development
Global compact for safe, orderly and
regular migration – key elements
1.
2.
Drivers of migration
Safe, orderly, regular and responsible migration and mobility of
people through well-managed migration policies
a.
b.
c.
d.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Cooperation for border control
Combat human trafficking, migrant smuggling, irregular migration
Return and readmission
Protect migrants in vulnerable situations and countries in crisis
Contribution of migrants and migration to development
Impact of migration on human capital
Integration, inclusion and regularization
Obligations of migrants in host countries
Human rights of migrants; migrants in vulnerable situations
Improve labour conditions and working environments for migrants
Portability of qualifications, skills and earned benefits
International cooperation on migration
Imagine…
Thank you!
www.unmigration.org