Transcript Europe
Economies in Transition Europe Mike Raymer Program Manager GCEE The Mission To help teachers teach those students, K-12, in the public and independent schools of Georgia The Vision Students leaving school prepared for their roles as: • • • • • • Productive Workers Informed Consumers Involved Citizens Prudent Savers Wise Investors Sound lifelong decision makers in a globally interdependent world Workshop Objectives Participants will… • increase their awareness and understanding of contemporary Europe (political and economic) • review instructional materials for use in social studies classrooms Georgia Council on Economic Education 2003 Challenge New Superintendent takes office and hires Dr. Diane Ravitch to revise the curriculum 2004 New state curriculum adopted with detailed attention given to United States history at grades K-12 [with exception of world history]. Economics becomes only constant in the curriculum to address the reality of global issues. Scope and Sequence Elementary K – Symbols of America 1 – American Heroes 2 – Georgia, My State 3 – Our Democratic Heritage 4 – US History to 1860 5 – US History Since 1860 Scope and Sequence Middle 6 – Modern World Studies 7 – Modern World Studies 8 – Georgia Studies High (Grades 9-12) • United States History • American Government • Principles of Economics • World History Georgia Council on Economic Education www.gcee.org State of the Art Georgia Council on Economic Education www.gcee.org Organizing Your Study of a Region 1. GPS Driven 2. Textbook as Student Reference 4. Assess Learning and Adjust Instructional Strategies and Materials 3. Supplemental Resources i.e. GCEE Focus on teaching the standards, not the textbook. Nationwide, only about 70% of the context in any given textbook correlates to a given states standards document. The 2004 adoption of textbooks for Georgia schools PRECEEDED the adoption of the GPS and has only about a 20% content match to the new standards. Europe in the Georgia Standards Performance Scope and Sequence Grade 6 – World Studies •Latin America & Canada – Canada, Brazil, Cuba, [Mexico] •Europe – Germany, United Kingdom, Russia [Italy] •Australia Georgia Council on Economic Education www.gcee.org European Countries in the GPS Countries Geography Belgium France Germany Italy Poland Russia Spain Ukraine United Kingdom Civics Economics Organizing Your Study of a Region • Why study this place? – give a rationale • Where is this place? – describe the geopolitical features • What is the recent history of this place? – Only enough that the present makes sense • What is the economy of this place like today? • What is the government of this place like today? – understanding of economic and political issues Why Study Europe? Cultural Roots Common Goals with the European Union Economic Power Handout Where is Europe? What is the Recent History of Europe? Which economic concepts are on the CRCT? Georgia Council on Economic Education www.gcee.org Curricular Context Grades 6 – 7 economic concepts economic systems [traditional, command, market] trade [voluntary & non-fraudulent] economic growth [GDP] Content Weight for the GPS CRCT GPS Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grades Hist 30% 50% 50% 29% 20% 47% Geog 20% 15% 15% 31% 35% 12% Civic 30% 20% 20% 15% 20% 25% Econ 20% 15% 15% 25% 25% 16% 6 7 Grade 8 Our enduring understanding… Economics is… making decisions about allocating limited resources to get the unlimited number of things we want. Economic Survival: Resources, Production, and Scarcity • Scarcity • Opportunity Costs • Productive Resources – Natural/Land – Human/Labor – Capital Goods/Tools – Entrepreneurship Economic Systems: How a Country Organizes Its Economy • Economic Systems – Traditional – Command – Market (what, how, for whom?) • Resource Allocation Economic Systems People create rules for trade that fall along a continuum between command and market. Economic Freedom Demonstration Lesson Belgium Germany U.K. Spain France Poland Italy Russia Ukraine (Australia) (USA) (Hong Kong) Working and Living Together: The Importance of Trade • Specialization • Interdependence • Imports/Exports • Trade barriers – Tariffs – Quotas – Embargo Trade Both parties gain when people engage in voluntary, non-fraudulent trade. Trade Demonstration Lesson Exchange Rates Demonstration Lesson -The price of one country's currency expressed in another country's currency. -Rate at which one currency may be converted into another. Gross Domestic Product: Measuring a Country’s Income • Gross Domestic Product (GDP) • Standard of Living Gross Domestic Product • Gross= total • Domestic= produced anywhere in the 50 states, by anyone • Product= final goods and services What does GDP measure? Total amount of final goods and services produced in a country in one year. (Measure of Output) Are there any cool formulas you can give us relating to this interesting concept? GDP=C+I+G+(X-M) • C= consumption spending (think consumers) 72% • I= investment spending (think businesses investing in themselves) 15% • G= government spending 17% • (X-M)= difference between exports and imports -4% What is counted in GDP? • FINAL goods and services • Goods/Services produced here, even if by a foreign co. What is NOT counted? • Things produced outside the country. • Illegal stuff • Purely financial transactions …and INTERMEDIATE GOODS Problems associated with GDP • Slow to calculate • Does not count everything (it’s an estimate) • Inflation can distort the figure Real vs. Nominal GDP United States is #1 at $14.6 trillion China is #2 at $5.8 trillion Japan is #3 at $5.4 trillion Germany is #4 at $3.3 trillion The EU collectively is $16.1 trillion Per Capita GDP GDP divided by a country’s population Human Poverty Undernourishment Underweight Children Poor Sanitation Secondary Education Spending Public Health Spending Physicians Working Malaria Cases Mortality 1-4 Year Olds Internet Users Why are some nations wealthy? Rich Nation/Poor Nation handout Mystery Nations Revealed Country A… Germany Country D… UK Per capita GDP$34,200 Country B… Poland Per capita GDP$34,200 Country E…Ukraine Per capita GDP$17,900 Country C… Russia Per capita GDP$15,100 Georgia Council on Economic Education www.gcee.org Per capita GDP$6,300 Why are Ukraine and Russia relatively poor (…seeing that they have so many natural resources) ? Why are Germany and the United Kingdom relatively wealthy? Factors Contributing to LongTerm Economic Growth • High Investment in Human Capital • Greater Economic Freedom low taxes, fewer govt. regulations, protection of property rights, sound monetary policy • • • • Strong Incentives to save and invest Competitive Markets Political Stability Free Trade The German Economy Berlin 2011 Berlin 1945 1945- Germany Had Lost… 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Major land holdings. Tens of millions of people. Most major industries. Major amounts of housing. International respect. 30 years later… Germany had 2nd largest economy in the world. Essential question: How in the heck did that happen? Georgia Council on Economic Education www.gcee.org What is needed? Productivity Invest in… 1. Capital Goods 2. Human Capital Raise… 1. Financial capital Contributing factors… 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Modernization of industry. Financial aid (Marshall Plan) No military forces. High Savings rate. Investment in human capital (education) “Miracle” Explained 1. Web Resources 2. EU Lessons