Transcript Quality of life dimensions

Beyond GDP, quality of life and
sustainable development:
implementing new measurements in
France
Measuring Well-Being and Fostering the
Progress of Societies – OECD 26-28 June
Jean-Louis Lhéritier
Insee
27 juin
2012
The starting point in France: the Stiglitz
report
1) Implementing the Stiglitz report in France (from sept. 2009)
• Beyond GDP
• Quality of life:
– Capabilities (Drivers)
– Subjective well-being
– Appreciation of personal activities
• Sustainable development
2) Playing an active role in different initiatives at international level
on the progress of societies and quality of life
• Eurostat-Insee sponsorship with 4 Task Forces
• Participation in OECD Working Groups
Beyond GDP, quality of life, sustainable development: implementing new measurements in France
27 juin
2012
1 - Beyond GDP: adopting the point of
view of households
1) Publication of Gross Disposable Income per
Consumption Units
2) Household Accounts by category of households
• Categories: standard of living, age, type of household,
profession, size of urban zone
• Household accounts:
–
–
–
–
Income,
Consumption,
Saving
Personal Wealth
• Reconciliation between National Accounts and household
surveys (income/SILC, budget, housing, health, personal
wealth) for 2003
Beyond GDP, quality of life, sustainable development: implementing new measurements in France
27 juin
2012
1.1 - Beyond GDP : Inequalities between
households in the national accounts
The saving rate increases with relative income level
Saving, in % of disposable income
50%
40%
35%
33%
30%
20%
Ave ra ge sa ving ra te : 17%
Average savings rate: 17%
10%
-13%
0%
5%
3%
10%
8%
6%
8%
0%
-10%
-20%
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Income quintile
Two estimates depending on the adjustments made on the information collected in the Household Budget Survey concerning income
Scope: ordinary households resident in mainland France, excl. FISIM.
Source: Insee, national accounts 2003, SILC 2004, Tax income 2003, Family Budget 2006, Housing 2002, Health 2002-2003 surveys.
Beyond GDP, quality of life, sustainable development: implementing new measurements in France
27 juin
2012
1.1- Beyond GDP: net Wealth by age
(average amounts per household in euros)
400 000
350 000
300 000
250 000
200 000
150 000
100 000
50 000
Less than 30 yo
30 - 39 yo
40 - 49 yo
50 - 59 yo
60 - 69 yo
70 yo and more
Source : Insee, National Accounts 2003, base 2005, and Wealth Survey 2003
Beyond GDP, quality of life, sustainable development: implementing new measurements in France
Age
27 juin
2012
1.2 - Beyond GDP: Valuing home-made
services
3) Valuing home-made services (non-market activities)
• The source used: Time Use Survey
– Households declare their personal activities every 10 minutes
on a diary (description of the activity, duration of the activity)
• Valuation:
– Selection of home-made services (child care, cooking, etc.)
• What definition: « Semi-leisure » (DIY, gardening) or commuting ?
– Calculation of the times devoted to these services
• Between 15 to 27 hours a week: 42 to 77 billions of hours in France in
2010, ie twice the amount devoted to paid work
– Valuation with a hourly rate, ideally with the marginal
willingness to pay. With the minimum wage:
19 to 35% of the French GDP
• Women: 60 to 72% of the value of home-made services
• Weak reduction of income inequalities
Beyond GDP, quality of life, sustainable development: implementing new measurements in France
27 juin
2012
2.1 - Quality of life (capabilities): synthetic
indicators by dimension
• Using existing variables in surveys, mainly EU-SILC (French survey)
• Computation of scores by addition of binary items (deprivations) in
the same dimension (method used for deprivations)
• A person cumulating many privations has a poor quality of life in the
corresponding dimension:
the indicator equals « 1 » when the score exceeds a given
threshold
… with the question of the determination of the level of the
threshold
About 10% of the individuals
Beyond GDP, quality of life, sustainable development: implementing new measurements in France
27 juin
2012
2.1 - Quality of life (capabilities): comparison
by income quartile
Beyond GDP, quality of life, sustainable development: implementing new measurements in France
27 juin
2012
2.2 - Subjective well-being
1) Pilot Survey on (capabilities and subjective aspects of)
quality of life (paper/web)
– 10 000 persons persons 18 years or more - response rate : 38 %
– Covering almost all “Stiglitz” dimensions
– To determine at-risk populations
– To go fast: data collection during summer 2011 and first results
at the end of 2011
 An analysis of the results will be published very soon by Insee
Beyond GDP, quality of life, sustainable development: implementing new measurements in France
27 juin
2012
2.2 - Subjective well-being
2) EU-SILC as from 2010
Introduction of new questions
On a scale from 0 (not at all satisfied) to 10 (very satisfied), rate
your satisfaction concerning:
-Your dwelling
-Your job (if employed)
-Your leisure
-Your relations with close relatives
-Your current life
A more detailed drop-off questionnaire for 2 000 households
Beyond GDP, quality of life, sustainable development: implementing new measurements in France
27 juin
2012
2.2 - Subjective well-being:
average life-satisfaction
by living standard
8
Satisfaction level
7
6
5
1er
2e
3e
4e
5e
6e
7e
8e
9e
10e
Equivalised income decile
Beyond GDP, quality of life, sustainable development: implementing new measurements in France
27 juin
2012
2.2 - Subjective well-being:
average life-satisfaction
by number of material difficulties experienced
Satisfaction level
8
7
6
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 et
+
Number of material difficulties
Beyond GDP, quality of life, sustainable development: implementing new measurements in France
27 juin
2012
2.3 - Appreciation of activities: the
French 2010 Time-Use Survey
Time Use Survey 2009-2010:
A new variable added in the diary, for a subset of the
household sample (1 700 respondents):
the affect i.e. the pleasant or unpleasant character of
the activity (a scale from -3 to +3)
Each person surveyed should give his/her appreciation of
the present activity in his/her diary (description of
activities every 10 minutes during 24 or 48 hours):
Beyond GDP, quality of life, sustainable development: implementing new measurements in France
27 juin
2012
2.3 - Appreciation of activities
Leisure
Personal care
Household and family care
Travel
Employment/Study
0,5
0,7
0,9
1,1
1,3
1,5
1,7
1,9
2,1
2,3
Mean
Beyond GDP, quality of life, sustainable development: implementing new measurements in France
27 juin
2012
4 - Sustainable development
The carbon footprint for a French inhabitant is 40 % higher
than the emissions in the national territory alone
In millions of tonnes of CO2
600
6.4 tonnes of CO2
per person
8.9 tonnes of CO2
per person
500
400
300
200
100
Emission associated with
exports (excluding re-export
imports): 95
Emission associated with
net imports (excluding reexported imports):250
Emissions from national
output to satisfy domestic
demand:179
Emissions from national
output to satisfy domestic
demand:179
Direct household emissions
(cars and heating): 123
Direct household emissions
(cars and heating):123
National territory
Domestic demand
0
Beyond GDP, quality of life, sustainable development: implementing new measurements in France
27 juin
2012
4 - Sustainable development
CO2 emissions are the highest for the richest
But CO2 emissions by euro spent is on average lower for the richest
180
160
CO2 emissions (tonnes per household)
140
Consumption per household
120
100
Everage level for all households
80
60
40
20
0
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Beyond GDP, quality of life, sustainable development: implementing new measurements in France
27 juin
2012
Thank you for your attention !
Insee
18 bd Adolphe-Pinard
75675 Paris Cedex 14
www.insee.fr
Contact
Mr Jean-Louis Lhéritier
Mail: [email protected]
1.1 - Beyond GDP: inequalities between
households in the national accounts
Social transfers in kind reduce inequalities
% of primary income
Direct taxes and social contributions
Social benefits and other transfers in cash
Social transfers in kind
90
70
50
30
10
-10
-30
-50
Q1
Q2
Source: National Accounts, Base 2000, Insee, 2003
Q3
Q4
Q5
Income quintile
Beyond GDP, quality of life, sustainable development: implementing new measurements in France
27 juin
2012
EU-SILC: treatment of individual effects (not
yet achieved)
• Individual effects: non observable variables (level of optimism, of risk
aversion, of confidence in others, in the personal scales …)
• EU-SILC is a longitudinal survey: in France, the same households
are surveyed for 9 years running
This longitudinal dimension will permit to:
– eliminate individual effects
– give estimations on the consequences on life-satisfaction of a
heath problem, a job loss, a divorce, a fall of income ...
• We also drop off a self-administered questionnaire:
– questions on attitude towards optimism, risk, trust in people, time
preference …
– anchoring vignettes: scenarios to compare the respondent to
others (personal scales)
Beyond GDP, quality of life, sustainable development: implementing new measurements in France
27 juin
2012
EU-SILC: an example of anchoring vignette
on overall satisfaction of life
•
•
Jacques is 40 years old. He is a middle-school teacher. He lives with his
wife, who is unemployed, and their three children in a small apartment in the
suburbs, purchased with a mortgage. The neighbors are fairly noisy. Even if
his children do not lack anything, it's not always easy to make ends meet.
Jacques has no health problems, but he has trouble sleeping because he
has a difficult class this year.
How would you rate Jacques's situation in terms of his life at the
present time? (from 0 is the least favorable situation, and 10 the most
%
favorable
situation.)
20
10
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
score given
Beyond GDP, quality of life, sustainable development: implementing new measurements in France
27 juin
2012
2.2 - Subjective well-being:
Overall life-satisfaction (mean: 7/10)
%
30
20
10
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
satisfaction level
Beyond GDP, quality of life, sustainable development: implementing new measurements in France
27 juin
2012
2.3 - Questionnaire of the French TimeUse Survey for 2010
Beyond GDP, quality of life, sustainable development: implementing new measurements in France
27 juin
2012