Transcript EFA Regional Strategy

ASIA-PACIFIC STRATEGY AND
ACTION FOR EFA BY 2015
10th Regional Meeting of National EFA Coordinators and
Regional Launch of the 2009 EFA Global Monitoring Report
Ko-Chih Tung
Overview and Rationale




Strategy to support National Action to
Reach the Unreached in Education by
2015
Vision, Strategy, Modality and
Milestones, exp. Outputs
EFA Purpose, Content and Delivery
Systems
Institutionalize DFU Strategy 11
Progress in EFA Coordination

1990 Jomtien EFA Goals


2000 Dakar Gaps


NAP 3: reaching the unreached & delivering to the under-served
2008 Asia-Pacific Policy Reviews


NAP 2: expanded and elaborated target groups
2006-7 AP National MDA sub-national gaps


NAP 1: national aggregate targets
National, Sub-Regional and Regional policy recommendations
2009 Asia-Pacific Implementation Strategies

NAP 4: accelerated implementation & evidence-based policy
and results-oriented management
Strategy to Support National Action to Reach
the Unreached in Education by 2015
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Vision – purpose, content and delivery
Expected Outcomes – the strategic
objectives
Expected Outputs – updated NAP, subregional and regional support strategies
Timeline and Milestones
Modality: who does what?
ISSUES TO CONSIDER IN
STRATEGY FORMULATION
10th Regional Meeting of National EFA
Coordinators and Regional Launch f the 2009 EFA
Global Monitoring Report
EFA
ESD
QUALITY
GENDER
LITERACY
LIFE SKILLS
UPE / UBE
ECCE
Quality: “Several proxy indicators are generally
used to measure quality of education … however,
measures of learning achievement are incomplete,
as they are often limited to basic skills […] and do
not include values, capacities and other noncognitive skills that are also important aims of
education” (p. 245)
Skills: “Strong performance in science and
awareness of global environmental problems tend to
go hand in hand, and both are associated with a
sense of responsibility supporting sustainable
environmental management” (p. 37)
EFA and ESD
ESD
EFA
(education outcomes /
learning society)
(education inputs /
equal access)
•Access to
education
•Meeting
individual
learning
needs
•Relevant
pedagogy
•RBA
• Gender
•Content
•Skills
•Values
“Education embodies the world we
want for our children”: ESD






respect, value and preserve the achievements of the
past;
appreciate the wonders and the peoples of the Earth;
live in a world where all people have sufficient food
for a healthy and productive life;
assess, care for and restore the state of our Planet;
create and enjoy a better, safer, more just world; and
be caring citizens who exercise their rights and
responsibilities locally, nationally and globally.
Strengthening links between education
planning and poverty reduction strategies
• Cross-sectoral collaboration seen as essential for linking ESD to EFA,
the MDGs in order to address national sustainable development
priorities;
• Education not only needs to be included on the national agenda, but
also incorporated into national sustainable development and poverty
reduction strategies;
• “Progress in education depends critically on progress in other areas,
including poverty reduction, nutrition and public health. While
education sector planning has become stronger, it remains weakly
integrated with wider poverty reduction strategies” (GMR 2009, p. 21);
• Opportunities exist to link EFA and ESD in practical terms through
national coordinating bodies and coordinators for both initiatives.
Good practice strategies







Distance learning or holiday training to upgrade practicing teachers
Professional support and close supervision to practicing teachers,
and teacher networking
Introduce teacher-to-teacher mentoring system in schools
Target recruitment of teachers from disadvantaged/
underrepresented groups, such as females/males, ethnic/linguistic
minority groups, etc.
Special allowances for teachers serving in remote areas
High starting pay for teachers to attract young talented people
Develop career structure such as master teachers, senior supervisors,
subject panel chairs,…etc for teachers
Continuing Education
Age
(non-formal &
informal)
School Education
Population (%)
Non-formal basic
education
Good practice strategies in the region
Policy and planning
 Promote evidence-based policy making and fostering policy
dialogues
 Research identifying good practices in lifelong learning
 Community participation and ownership
Quality
 Equivalency programmes of basic and vocational education
towards LLL
 Use of mother tongue –based literacy programmes and
multilingual education
 Empowering people with disability in learning and development
through social integration
 Integrate life skills in all literacy and NFE programmes ,
Good practice strategies in the region
Accessibility
 Establish community-based learning centres e.g. CLCs
 Make various learning means available esp. through
ICT e.g. distance learning
 Create literate environments for lifelong learning e.g.
mobile library using local vehicle or animals
Monitoring and evaluation
 NFE & CLC MIS
EFA Purpose, Content and Delivery
Systems
Institutionalize DFU Strategy 11
Pre-Primary
ASIA
Year
Country
Armenia
Afghanistan
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
China
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Georgia
Hong Kong (China), SAR
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Japan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Macao, China
Malaysia
Maldives
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Philippines
Republic of Korea
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Tajikistan
Thailand
Timor-Leste
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Gross
enrolment
ratio
Enrolment
2007-2008
MF
2007-2008
F
48015
Net Enrolment Rate
MF
24439
M
51
2007-2008
F
46
MF
Teaching Staff
2008-2009
M
F
MF
M
F
57...
...
...
...
...
...
Trained Teacher
2007-2008
MF
2007-2008
F
5059
%MF
%M
%F
5044...
...
...
...
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...
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11740
...
5761
...
50
...
49
...
51
...
44
...
43
...
45...
...
...
555
...
537...
...
...
130458
65687
13
13
14
13
12
13...
...
...
4736
4516...
...
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...
44...
...
...
7259
7259...
...
10384
77922
39921
57
53
62
41
39
140783
67729...
...
...
...
...
...
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...
10298
96
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57...
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561399
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288130
...
54
...
51
...
...
...
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...
...
...
...
330897
159912
38
38
38
38
38
37
62435
31178
16
15
16
13
13
13...
...
...
...
...
9301
...
4549
...
85
...
85
...
85
...
80
...
79
39
31702
39
...
38
...
...
...
81...
...
...
23303
...
74
...
...
30763...
...
2462
2435
...
477
42
...
475
96
...
...
78
31087
...
...
71
72
...
...
44
...
98
42
...
100
98
...
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94702
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47840
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553983
54
...
264890
52
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38
55
48...
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38...
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39
46
45
3262
3255
92
86
92
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6...
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...
61236
28374
2511039
9
86
85
4847
4847
99086
82-
82
86...
...
...
77364...
...
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26...
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...
27
94
7
...
27
93
7
...
267361
94
9
...
562218
1230840
10
60642
57621
100
...
100
100
PACIFIC
Pre-Primary
Data
Enrolment
Year
2007-2008
Gross
Teaching
enrolment Net Enrolment Rate
Trained Teacher
Staff
ratio
2007-2008 2007-2008 2008-2009
2007-2008
2007-2008
Country
MF
F
MF M F MFM F
M
M F MF
F
F
%MF %M
%F
Cook Islands
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Fiji
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Marshall Islands
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Micronesia (Federated States of)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Niue
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Palau
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
30...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Samoa
4978
2498
48
46
50
30
29
Solomon Islands
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Tokelau
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Tonga
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Tuvalu
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Vanuatu
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
ASIA
Primary
Gross Intake Ratio
Gross Enrolment
Ratio
2008-2009 2007-2008 2008-2009
Net Intake Rate
Net Enrolment Rate
Year
Country
MF M F
MF M
F
MF M
F
MF M F
M
F
M
F
MF M
F MF M
F
Armenia
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Afghanistan
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
China
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Georgia
Hong Kong (China), SAR
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Japan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Macao, China
Malaysia
Maldives
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Philippines
Republic of Korea
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Tajikistan
Thailand
Timor-Leste
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Viet Nam
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
99...
...
...
71...
...
...
97...
...
85...
...
...
2007-2008
99
99
2008-2009
2007-2008
73
74
99
2007-2008
86
87
2008-2009
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
106
105...
...
93
93
93...
...
...
84...
...
...
124
115...
...
89
91
87...
...
...
98
98
98...
...
...
137
141
132...
...
...
85
86
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
98...
...
92...
...
...
106
109
103...
...
...
86
88
85...
...
...
100
94
95
89
91
87...
...
...
59
61
57...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
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...
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...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
106...
...
...
95...
...
...
137...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
108
...
109
...
...
110
110
97
97
...
...
96
110
...
98
117
117
95
...
117
97...
...
...
...
...
...
94...
...
...
96
...
...
59
61
57
59
60
58...
...
...
...
...
81
...
82
55
57
106
...
53
...
...
...
79...
...
...
...
105
105
96
...
...
112
108
109
95...
...
...
...
103...
...
90
90
84
85
84...
...
...
...
...
93
...
94
90
...
90
90
90
...
...
...
91...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
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...
...
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...
...
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...
...
...
...
...
...
...
126...
...
...
78...
...
...
101...
...
89...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
74...
...
...
125
...
124
...
...
79
...
80
...
...
99
...
...
89
...
88
...
76
...
141
145
136...
...
...
74
74
74...
...
...
127
126...
...
78
118
127
109...
...
...
92
99
85...
...
...
101
83...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
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...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
104
106
102...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
102
98...
...
97
99
95...
...
...
77
71
83...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
106
106...
...
94
94
94...
...
...
112
113
111...
...
...
40...
...
...
93
88...
...
63
64
62...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
92...
...
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...
94...
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...
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...
...
...
...
...
...
...
93
...
...
95
...
...
39
39
...
...
97
...
...
Primary
PAC IFIC
Gross Intake Ratio
Year
Country
Cook Islands
Fiji
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
(Federated States of)
Niue
Palau
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Tokelau
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
2007-2008
Gross
Enrolment
Ratio
Net Intake Rate
2008-2009
2007-2008
20072008
2008-2009
Net Enrolment Rate
20082009
2007-2008 2008-2009
MF M F
MF M F
MF M
F MF M F
M F
M F
MF M
F MF M F
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
93...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
110...
...
...
...
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...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
95...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
95...
...
96
96
...
96
...
...
109
96
...
...
...
...
86...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
88...
...
...
87
87
87
86
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
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...
Education Finance
ASIA
Year
Country
Armenia
Afghanistan
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
China
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Georgia
Hong Kong (China), SAR
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Japan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Macao, China
Malaysia
Maldives
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Philippines
Republic of Korea
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Tajikistan
Thailand
Timor-Leste
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Viet Nam
Pubilc expenditure per student as a % of Tot Pub Expendi
GDP per capita
Edcuation
2007-2008
As a % of As a % of t
GDP
govt exp
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
...
...
...
...
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...
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...
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...
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...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
13
11
...
3...
8
17
...
2
47
12
4
23
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
15
22
28
5
20
...
...
...
...
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15
15...
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5...
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3
12
11
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3
18
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28...
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PACIFIC
Data
Year
Country
Cook Islands
Fiji
Marshall Islands
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Niue
Palau
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Tokelau
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Education Finance
Total Public
Pubilc expenditure per student
Expenditure on
as a % of GDP per capita
Edcuation
As a % As a %
2007-2008
of GDP of total
gov exp
Primary
Secondary Tertiary
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Expected outputs of the meeting






Regional Strategic Framework for Action towards
Reaching the Unreached in Education and Meeting
the EFA Goals by 2015 focusing on
regional coordination,
regional support and
capacity development,
monitoring and evaluation, and
country processes
Strategic Objectives towards
Reaching the Unreached and Underserved
in Education and Meeting the EFA Goals by 2015
1. Inclusion of out-of-school children and retention of children
who are at risk of dropping out of school
2. Achieve gender and social equity and equality at all levels of
education, from early childhood to adult education in both
formal and non-formal sectors
3. Attain basic and functional literacy for the unreached and
underserved populations, with accessible and supported
mother-tongue language instruction for early childhood
education and the early years of schooling, and in non-formal
literacy programmes
4. Achieve quality education for all, including the unreached and
underserved populations, with improved quality of teachinglearning process (teachers, learning materials, curriculum, etc.)
and learning outcomes
1. Institutionalize systematic and comprehensive monitoring
and evaluation of EFA at the national and sub-national levels,
and sub-regional and regional levels with active participation
from all key partners (government, INGOs, civil society
groups, UN agencies, and donors) in the process
2. Ensure adequate investment in resources to provide
accessible education of good quality for all, including
targeted support for the unreached and underserved
populations, and the efficient and effective utilization of
these resources
3. Institutionalize partnerships, technical and financial support
for EFA in the Asia-Pacific region