Transcript ltf2012-bosch.pptx

On Demand Information Delivery:
Shifting from Local Collections to
Network Level Discovery and Delivery
Stephen Bosch
University of Arizona Library
Every new
beginning
comes
from some
other
beginnings
end Seneca
Changes in the management of library
collections/services are not happening
in a vacuum – there are 3 basic drivers.
• The economy
• Our users have migrated to a digital
world dominated by network level
discovery and access to information
• We now live in a world where
information is abundant, collections
developed in a age of scarcity
It is the Economy.....
It’s The Economy….
 Federal government funding of R&D as a fraction of GDP
has declined by 60 percent in 40 years.
 The increase in cost of higher education in America has
substantially surpassed the growth in family income in
recent decades. United States current and former
students have amassed over $1,000,000,000 in student
loan debt.
 The Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities
reported that 64% of the states cut funding for higher
education in 2009-10.
 National Association of State Budget Officers (NASBO):
29 states anticipate lower spending in fiscal 2012,
compared with pre-recession levels.
Thirty years ago, 10% of California’s general fund went to
higher education and 3% to prisons. Today, nearly 11% goes to
prisons and 8% to higher education.
United States consumers spend significantly more on potato
chips than the government devotes to energy R&D
And What about Libraries?
National Center for Education Statistics (NCES)
data since 1996 clearly shows funding for
libraries in higher education has dramatically
shrunk as a % of total expenditures.
Comparison of % Total Expenditures for Libraries to Increases
in Higher Ed based on NCES data
12.00%
10.6%
10.00%
8.00%
6.00%
4.00%
3.64%
2.00%
2.61%
0.00%
1996
1998
2000
2002
% Higher Education Expend for Library
2004
2006
2008
% Annual Increase in Total Expenditures
Comparison of % Increase in Total Expenditures to Increase in Library
Expenditures Based on NCES Data - With Serials Inflation
180%
160%
169.1%
140%
120%
118.4%
100%
80%
60%
57.0%
40%
20%
0%
1996
1998
Total Expend
2000
2002
Library Expend
2004
2006
Serials Inflation
2008
Research Universities
and Higher Ed in general
are key institutions in
the creation of the
Knowledge Capital, and
Human Capital that are
principal ingredients of
innovation and
competitiveness.
Funding for these
endeavors is
increasingly hard to
come by!
The Users Have Gone Digital!
Many surveys from several groups all
reinforce the same themes:
Users are attracted to the ease of use they find
with network level search engines and
information resources.
Mobile technology is growing – content context is
king and it wants to go mobile.
Libraries and Librarians are trusted by users but
easy and fast seems to be preferred over quality.
College students feel that search engines trump libraries for
speed, convenience, reliability and ease of use. Libraries
trump search engines for trustworthiness and accuracy, but
convenience rules where students start their research......
OCLC Report: Perceptions of Libraries, 2010 Context and Community
Some Good News.......
Libraries Are More Trustworthy
80%
70%
60%
More
trustworthy
50%
40%
More
accurate
30%
20%
10%
0%
Libraries
Search Engines
OCLC Report: Perceptions of Libraries, 2010 Context and Community
Some Bad News.......
OCLC Report: Perceptions of Libraries, 2010 Context and Community
College students are using:
E-Mail 99%
Search
Engines 93%
Social Media
Sites 81%
Wikipedia 88%
Ask-anExpert Sites
52%
Mobile
Devices
to Web
13%
Social
Networking
Sites 92%
Library
Web Site
57%
OCLC Report: Perceptions of Libraries, 2010 Context and Community
The ECAR Study of
Undergraduate
Students and
Information
Technology, 2011
found that 9 out of
10 students reported
that they owned a
mobile device that
could access the
internet .
Network level discovery and access
This is where our users expect to conduct their
business and we need to have information
service models that support that user
experience.
Users desire the broadest possible access to
information w/o dead ends – one way or
another they want to be able to quickly obtain
the discovered information.
Webscale discovery must be supported by
delivery of information at the point of need.
There are no .edu sites in the top 1,000
websites and the .edu site with the most
traffic is the University of Phoenix
30 years
ago the
largest
aggregation
of
information
would
always be
found in a
local library
At that time buying books to build a collection
was the best strategy for supplying users’
information needs since books/journals would
go out of print and would soon be unavailable.
Information was scarce.
Library catalogs and ILL services were just
starting to become automated so building
collections in areas of organizational
strengths was a reasonable approach to meet
needs.
Now - we live in a world where information is
abundant and easily available
• There is no exact data for size of the Web –
Google reported in 2008 that over 1 trillion
pages with unique URLS had been discovered,
others estimate the content to be 40 billion
pages – either way this is a big number!
• 30 years ago the largest aggregation of
information would always be found in a local
library – now libraries pale in comparison to
data in the web.
• There is no exact data for size of the Web –
Google reported in 2008 that over 1 trillion
pages with unique URLS had been discovered,
others estimate the content to be 40 billion
pages – either way this is a huge number!
• For comparison, If you assume that a single
volume has 250 pages, the median ARL library
has less than a billion pages in volumes held.
Information is widely available and the supply chain is
radically different - books and journals no longer become
scarce soon after publication due to digital publishing and
distribution. Articles and book chapters can be acquired
without buying the whole journal or book.
The discovery and delivery of information has
moved beyond the walls of the local library.
The collections and the services that were built
around the local collection should all be heavily
scrutinized.
In an environment characterized by ubiquitous
access to information and web scale information
discovery and delivery, building and maintaining
local collections may not be a sustainable
strategy for meeting current and future users’
needs.
Formerly – Library Collections were the core of the
Library with services built around the collections.
Acquiring
Instruction
Cataloging
Reference
Collections
Bindery
Circulation
Interlibrary
Loan
Hathi Trust
OCLC Worldcat
Google &
Goggle Books
OA Repositories
E-journals & Books
The big question is –
how do we move
current library
information and
services to the cloud?
Wikipedia
Local Collections
Social Networks
Web sites
Hathi Trust
OCLC Worldcat
Google &
Goggle Books
OA Repositories
E-journals & Books
Social Networks
Wikipedia
Local Collections
Web sites
Whether we like it or not the world of libraries
is changing on many fronts
Library budgets ain’t what they used to be!
Users are comfortable in their digital Worlds
Networked, online information is everywhere all the time
Exactly what is Webscale discovery and delivery?
User’s want to
be able to use
information
anytime,
anywhere,
anyhow.......
Users will prefer to use whatever search engine
they are comfortable with
They use these tools to access information from
favorite sites
The real game changers in how we organize our
work and supply information to users include:
So what really changes
for Libraries?
Changes in publishing and the distribution of content
enable libraries to supply information at the point of
need and allow a move away from “speculative”
buying. Information can be delivered on demand.
Digital publishing is eroding the “container” for
information so access to individual articles and book
chapters is possible w/o buying the whole “container”.
Business, trade, and consumer journals are
aggressively selling individual issues of journals w/o
subscriptions via mobile devices.
What else really changes
for Libraries?
Large academic libraries’ collections have had 2 overarching
purposes, providing faculty and students with information
they need for education and research, and to preserve the
scholarly record.
With the immediate information needs being supplied at the
point of need from external sources, there will need to new
approaches implemented in order to provide for the overall
preservation of the scholarly record.
Consortia, and shared digital and print repositories will have
an increasingly important roles in preserving the scholarly
record including prospective collecting.
What else really changes
for Libraries?
Mass digitization projects like Google Books – Hathi
Trust, Internet Archive shift a large part of local
collections to the cloud.
Hathi’s estimate is the average ARL collection has 40%
overlap with Hathi.
This has big implications for managing local print
collections, preservation, and ILL.
Shared print repositories (WEST, ASERL, etc.) likewise
will have a large impact on local collections and ILL.
And what else really
changes for Libraries?
Metadata management becomes the focus for
Technical Services as processing of physical objects
wanes.
The process for credentialing use will be driven by
metadata. It will be critical to have information in
network level systems that enables the use of
materials in shared/digital repositories.
Metadata will need to be able to flow from supplier, to
aggregator, to library, to consumer, etc. This may
require the development of new standards concerning
the transmission of metadata.
Content is going Mobile!
Libraries are going to have
to be able to deliver content
and services to multiple
devices. Like other Web
providers libraries will need
to be available, anywhere,
anywhen, anyhow.
This is a significant threat
and opportunity as most
large publishers are rolling
out mobile apps (at high
expense) and frankly they
don’t care if libraries are lost
in the dust......
The future is already here it's just not very evenly distributed William Gibson
DISCUSSION ????????
• Stephen Bosch
University of Arizona Library
1510 East University PO Box 210055
Tucson, AZ 85721-0055
520-621-6452
520-621-8276 fax
• [email protected]