Transcript ottawa u 20 june 2008

I/O Framework Workshop
Industry Accounts Division
Statistics Canada
Fabienne Leclerc & Ronald Rioux
U of Ottawa
June 20, 2008
Industry Accounts Division
Outline of the Workshop
Overview of the Input-Output Accounts
Structure within Statistics Canada
Divisional Overview
Mandate
Production Cycle
Structure of Input Output tables
Case Study: The Clothing Industry
Accounting Identities
Valuation & Commodity Balance
Classifications
Input-Output Framework (National & Provincial)
Applications (Database, models, multipliers)
Publication
References
2
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS AND
ANALYTICAL STUDIES
BUSINESS AND TRADE STATISTICS
SOCIAL, INSTITUTIONS AND LABOUR
STATISTICS
INFORMATICS AND METHODOLOGY
MANAGEMENT SERVICES
COMMUNICATIONS AND OPERATIONS
3
SYSTEM OF NATIONAL
ACCOUNTS
INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNTS
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS AND FINANCIAL
FLOWS
PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS
INDUSTRY ACCOUNTS DIVISION
(Merge of “INPUT-OUTPUT” and “INDUSTRY MEASURES AND
ANALYSIS” Divisions)
ENVIRONMENT ACCOUNTS AND
STATISTICS
4
Mandate of the division
The mandate of the Industry Accounts Division (IAD) is to
develop provincial annual and monthly national production
accounts for Canada. Annual input-output tables for Canada in
current and constant prices serve as the foundation for national
monthly measures of constant price GDP by industry, while the
inter-provincial input output tables perform this function for the
annual current and constant price measures of GDP by industry
for the provinces and territories
In addition, the IAD supplies benchmark data for other modules
of the Canadian System of National Accounts by way of annual
national Input-Output (I/O) tables in current and constant prices,
annual provincial Input-Output tables as well as interprovincial
trade flows in current prices, supplementary tables on GDP by
industry, taxes and other margins by commodity and industry.
5
The information provided by IAD is critical to the ability
of governments and the private sector to make well
informed economic decisions.
Because the monthly GDP program provides the most
timely measure of the status of the Canadian economy, it
is a key indicator used by the Bank of Canada in setting
monetary policy. Like the Bank of Canada, the
Department of Finance also monitors the evolution of
the economy, in its case to plan the federal budget and
formulate macroeconomic policies.
6
This information is used by provincial and territorial
governments (for example, by their finance and industry
ministries) in tracking industrial sources of economic
growth or contraction, and in their budgetary planning.
The statistics allow them to assess the impact of
economic events, and of their economic development
programs on particular sectors of their economies.
7
The I-O tables are also used by fiscal authorities to
allocate and forecast commodity taxes
•by way of taxable proportions of personal expenditures,
by province and by category, for HST revenue allocation
(these are necessary for estimation of HST applicable
level of spending for personal expenditures);
•by way of levels of taxable expenditure subject to HST
for industries engaged in the production of tax-exempt
supplies by province;
•by way of national estimates of trade, transport and tax
margins (13 types in 1996) by commodity and type of
user
8
The I-O table production process also serves to perform a
measure of quality assurance audit to statistics provided
by data supplying Divisions as well as providing regular
feedback to these Divisions. This role is made possible
through the integration of numerous data sources used
in the construction of the Input-Output tables.
The IAD also provides services on a cost-recovery basis
to clients in government, business and academic
communities, through direct sales of customized data
bases and by performing economic impact simulations
with internally developed input-output models on
specifications provided by the client.
The bulk of the data needed to calculate aggregate
productivity measures and other performance indicators
9
also comes from the I-O tables.
Input-Output Production Schedule
• National tables are produced June each year with a 30
month lag from the reference year
• Provincial tables are produced and released together
with the national tables in November of each year with a
34 month lag from the reference year
10
Relationship between the I/O Framework and the SNA
National Input-Output Tables
Satellite Accounts
Income and
Expenditure
Accounts
Provincial
Economic
Accounts
Productivity
Estimates
Provincial
Input-Output
Accounts
National GDP
by industry
Provincial
GDP by
Industry
Accounts
Balance of
Payments
Accounts
Environmental
and resource
accounts
Interprovincial
Trade Flow
Accounts
BASIC STRUCTURE OF CANADIAN
INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES
• Rectangular Input-Output Tables developed at Statistics Canada
• Inputs and Outputs of industries are presented in separate rectangular
tables, showing Industry by commodity detail, (number of commodities
exceed number of industries)
• Input-Output tables consist of 4 matrices
1. Make Matrix (Outputs)
303 industries 727 commodities
2. Use Matrix (Inputs)
303 industries 727 commodities
3. Final Demand Matrix
172 categories 727 commodities
4. Trade flows
727 commodities
12
Why rectangular I-O tables?
 They admit detail as available from economic records.
 Meaning of each entry straightforward - observed
transactions not combined with fictitious transfers.
 Serve as a statistical audit for consistency, integrity and
comprehensiveness.
13
Industry Dimension
 I/O Industry structure is NAICS-based
- 6-digit NAICS Industries (over 900) linked to I/O Industry (303)
- I/O Industries are on establishment concept
- Universe is based mainly on the Statistics Canada Business
Register
- (BR is generally used as a survey frame by survey divisions)
- I/O Industry includes Input costs and Output values (similar to
profit and loss statements of businesses; outputs akin to
revenues, inputs akin to expenses incurred to generate
revenues)
- Data sources include Surveys, Administrative data, annual
reports, etc.
14
I/O Industries (con’d)
•
All Survey and admin data can be linked to NAICS which in turn is linkable
to I/O Industries
•
There are issues related to consistent Industry linking (company vs
establishment vs enterprise) which causes data confrontation issues
•
I/O analysts review survey methodologies and results focussing on such
things as universe, coverage, response rates, imputations, edits; production
may be under/over reported, imports and exports may be improperly valued,
commodities may be misclassified.
•
Time-series require significant interaction and feedback to survey division
•
Survey results are compared to other data where available such as:
administrative data for wages (T4), GIFI (General Index of Financial
Information), (corporate income tax file from CRA), Net income (T1)
15
The Input-Output structure of the Canadian Economy 2001- 2002
Table I. Naics-Based Small (S), Medium (M), Historical Link (L) and Worksheet (W) Aggregation-level Industries
for use with the System of National Accounts, for 2002 onwards*
Hierarchical classification according to Naics*
Identification code and title
1A Crop and animal production
11A
Crop and animal production
11A0 Crop and animal production
111400 Greenhouse, nursery and floriculture production
111A00 Crop production (except greenhouse, nursery and floriculture production)
112500 Animal aquaculture
112A00 Animal production (except animal aquaculture)
1B Forestry and logging
113 Forestry and logging
1130 Forestry and logging
113000 Forestry and logging
1C Fishing, hunting and trapping
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping
1140 Fishing, hunting and trapping
114000 Fishing, hunting and trapping
1D Support activities for agriculture and forestry
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry
1150 Support activities for agriculture and forestry
115100 Support activities for crop production
115200 Support activities for animal production
115300 Support activities for forestry
Naics definition
111, 112
111, 112
111, 112
1114
1111-1113, 1119
1125
1121-1124, 1129
113
113
113
113
114
114
114
114
115
115
115
1151
1152
1153
16
The Input-Output structure of the Canadian Economy 2001- 2002
Table II. Naics-based small (S), medium (M), historical link (L) and worksheet (W) aggregation-level industries
for use with the Input-Output Tables, Make and Use Matrix, from 2002 and onwards*
Hierarchical classification according to Naics*
Small (S) level sequential code and category title
Medium (M) level sequential code and category title
Historical link (L) level sequential code and category title
Worksheet (W) level sequential and mnemonic code and category title
Categories at the W level highlighted in yellow represent an alternative W structure for use with the public files.
Identification code and title
Naics definition
Business sector
' W ' Naics
code
1 1A
Crop and animal production
1 11A
1 11A0
2 1B
Crop and animal production
Greenhouse, nursery and floriculture production
1114
2 111A00
Crop production (except greenhouse, nursery and floriculture production)
1111-1113, 1119
3 112500
Animal aquaculture
1125
4 112A00
Animal production (except animal aquaculture)
1121-1124, 1129
113
113
Forestry and logging
5 113000
113
Forestry and logging
Fishing, hunting and trapping
3 114
114
Fishing, hunting and trapping
6 114000
Fishing, hunting and trapping
Support activities for agriculture and forestry
4 115
Support activities for agriculture and forestry
4 1150
113
114
Fishing, hunting and trapping
3 1140
111, 112
1 111400
Forestry and logging
2 1130
4 1D
111, 112
Forestry and logging
2 113
3 1C
111, 112
Crop and animal production
Support activities for agriculture and forestry
114
114
115
115
115
7 115100
Support activities for crop production
1151
8 115200
Support activities for animal production
1152
9 115300
Support activities for forestry
1153
17
Commodity Dimension
 Industries produce and sell commodities which are either
goods or services.
 Input-Output goods commodities are concorded to the
International Harmonized System (HS) standard
classification of goods (SCG).
 Input-Output service commodities are specified by type
and will be concorded to the international Central
Product Classification (CPC) (yr. 2007).
18
The Input-Output Structure of the Canadian Economy 2001- 2002
TABLE III. Hierarchical Structure of the Input-Output Commodity Classification
Small (S), Medium (M), Historical Link (L) and Worksheet (W) Level Aggregations
Small (S) level sequential code and category title
Medium (M) level sequential code and category title
Historical link (L) level sequential code and category title
Worksheet (W) level sequential and mnemonic code and category title
Categories at the W level highlighted in yellow represent an alternative W structure for use with the public files.
Mnemonic '
W ' code
1
Grains
1
Grains
5
6
2
Wheat, unmilled
5
0071
Wheat, unmilled, excluding imputed feed
6
0072
Wheat, unmilled, imputed feed
Corn, barley, oats and other grains
7
0081
Grain corn, excluding imputed feed
8
0082
Corn fodder, imputed feed
9
0083
Barley, excluding imputed feed
10
0084
Other grains, excluding imputed feed
11
0085
Other grains and fodder, imputed feed
Other agricultural products
2
Live animals
1
2
3
4
3
Cattle and calves
1
0010
Hogs
2
0030
Poultry
3
0040
Other live animals
4
0059
Cattle and calves
Hogs
Poultry
Other live animals
Other agricultural products
7
8
Fluid milk, unprocessed
12
0090
Fluid milk, unprocessed
Eggs in the shell
13
0100
Eggs in the shell
19
The Input-Output Structure of the Canadian Economy 2001- 2002
TABLE IV. Hierarchical Structure of the Input-Output Final Demand Categories
Small (S), Medium (M), Historical Link (L) and Worksheet (W) Level Aggregations
Small (S) level sequential code and category title
Medium (M) level sequential code and category title
Historical link (L) level sequential code and category title
Worksheet (W) level sequential and mnemonic code and category title
Categories at the W level highlighted in yellow represent an alternative W structure for use with the public files.
Personal expenditures
1
Personal expenditures, durable goods
1
Personal expenditures, motor vehicles and parts
28
Personal expenditures, new and used (net) motor vehicles
29
PE028
New and used (net) motor vehicles
Personal expenditures, motor vehicles parts and accessories
30
PE029
Motor vehicles parts and accessories
Personal expenditures, furniture and household appliances
16
Personal expenditures, furniture and floor covering
17
PE016
Furniture and floor covering
18
Personal expenditures, household appliances
19
PE018
Household appliances
Personal expenditures, other durable goods
35
Personal expenditures, recreation, sporting and camping equipment
36
PE035
Recreation, sporting and camping equipment
40
Personal expenditures, jewellery and watches
41
PE040
Jewellery and watches
29
2
3
2
Personal expenditures, semi-durable goods
4
Personal expenditures, clothing and footwear
4
6
8
Personal expenditures, men's and boy's clothing
5
PE004
Men's and boy's clothing
Personal expenditures, women's and children's clothing
7
PE006
Women's and children's clothing
Personal expenditures, footwear
9
PE008
Footwear
20
Detail of the 303 industries and the 172
categories of final demand
287 Industries (Business sector)
16 Industries (Non-business sector)
303
52 categories of consumer expenditures
52 categories of current investment in machinery and equipment
53 categories of current investment in construction
4 categories of changes in inventories
1 category of domestic exports
1 category of re-exports
1 category of imports
6 categories of Federal, Provincial and Municipal expenses
1 category of interprovincial imports
1 category of interprovincial exports
172
21
DIMENSIONS AND
CONFIDENTIALITY CONSTRAINTS
NAICS’s based Classifications:
“W” “L”
“M” “S”
Industries
303 117
62
25
Commodities
727 476 111
59
Final Demand Categories 172 120
39
16
• Interprovincial I-O table adds final demand categories for
Exports and Imports with each province/territory
• National I-O tables are published at “S” level. The “S”, “M” and
“L” levels are available on CANSIM.
• Interprovincial I-O tables are only publicly available at “S” level
• Confidentiality constraints make it difficult to release provincial
data at more disaggregated levels
22
• Simulation model services are available using “W” level detail
BASIC STRUCTURE OF INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES
Categories are reflected through all 13 provinces/territories
Industries
Industries
Commo
dities
MAKE
719 X 303
Categories
Final Demand
USE
=
719 X 303
+
=
=
+
+
Industry use of
primary factors
719 X 172
Gross output
of
commodities
+
Final use of primary
factors
8 X 172
=
GDP income
based
8 X 303
=
Gross output
of industries
=
Total use of
industries
=
GDP
expenditure
based
23
PROVINCIAL AND
INTERPROVINCIAL INPUT-OUTPUT
TABLES
• A Provincial Input-Output table looks identical
to the National
• An Interprovincial Input-Output table accounts
for economic linkages among the provinces
and territories, adding 24 final demand
categories for exports and imports for each
province and territory
24
Interprovincial Trade Flow Matrix
Categories reflect 719 commodities
and indirect taxes
on products by province.
PROVINCE/
TERRITORY
Newfoundland
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Québec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon Territories
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Government Abroad
EXPORTS
Ix
Pxi
IMPORTS
IM
PMi
Ix =International exports
Pxi=Provincial exports
Im=International imports
Pmi=Provincial imports
25
Interprovincial Trade Flows
In addition to international exports and imports, we show
provincial exports and provincial imports.
This introduces three additional constraints.
A) Across regions, total regional imports equal total regional
exports, net (interregional) trade balances of regions sums to
zero.
B) Sum of foreign exports (foreign imports) of regions equal total
national exports (imports).
C) Across regions, total supply equals total disposition.
26
CONVENTIONS FOR
INTERPROVINCIAL FLOWS
1. Exports can originate from a region if the goods or
services are produced in that region or are withdrawn form
inventories of establishments in that region. A regional
export also occurs when services (e.g. hotel
accommodations, meals or entertainment) are purchased
within a region by a non-resident while staying in that
region.
2. Imports are defined for a region if the goods or services
are destined for the region's current expenditure, for
capital formation in the region, used as intermediate
inputs by establishments in that region, or make up
additions to inventories.
27
I/O treatment of imports and
exports
 Contrast this concept with imports and exports by
port of lading or custom clearance. They are in many
cases not consistent with true origin and destination.
 Since goods and services are valued at approximate
basic prices, interregional imports and exports are
more complex as goods imported from another
region may lead to import of various margins from
other regions or abroad.
28
Case study: The Clothing industry
• The Annual Survey of Manufactures
(ASM) provides 2 sets of data:
-financial data
-commodities data
Financial data:
• based on Revenues and expenditures
declared by locations, inventory changes
and fuel consumption
29
The industry dimension: NAICS
315900
• Data from ASM plus head-office and other distribution
• Canada
• Cell C2054 – Total revenu manufacturing, in thousands
2001
NA
13,099
2002
2003
0
4,752
2004
0
SD
120,548 139,159 125,970 108,703
TAX
152,637 155,105 170,807 106,396
TOTAL
286,284 294,264 301,529 215,097
30
The industry dimension-continued
• Commodity data:
• Based on the ASM List of goods, which
covers 1417 distinct commodities.
• The ASM commodity estimates are
produced at the NAICS6 and NAICS3 by
province based on in-sample units
(collected or imputed).
31
The industry dimension-continued
• Although ASM publish only the portion
above the Royce-Maranda threshhold, IAD
receives the entire survey.
• IAD allocates the ASM product list
commodities to IO commodities – from
1417 goods to 719.
• IAD built Material Inputs and Output for
each industry using ASM data
32
The industry dimension- continued
• IEAD provides information on Wages, SLI,
Mixed income and Surplus, that are
incorporated to the industry IO table.
• IAD redistribute expenses from Head
Office, Software product development and
Non-residential Rent to each industry
• Several other surveys provides IAD with
data on services inputs and outputs
33
The industry dimension- continued
• Data confrontation exercises are done
during this process with other data
sources, like GIFI, T4, etc.
• IAD try to anchor Material inputs and Total
outputs for each industry to NAICS 6 per
province controls from ASM
34
Input-output table for 315900
IO Table
Ind. Analysis
Level1
Ind. Analysis
Level2
Input
EMS
Energy
3140
Materials
156686
160619
150289
116197
Services
26850
29120
31040
26961
185762
192588
184099
146298
668
1078
2255
2042
668
1078
2255
2042
85187
103719
100833
99459
SLI
7404
8638
10080
10676
Mixed Income
5271
4983
5017
5119
49252
36275
31451
41967
147114
153615
147381
157221
333544
347281
333735
305561
Materials
320223
328749
318596
293059
Services
13321
18532
15139
12502
333544
347281
333735
305561
333544
347281
333735
35
305561
Net Tax
Wages
GDP Total
Input Total
EMS
EMS Total
Output Total
2004P
2770
Surplus
Output
2003F
2849
Net Tax Total
GDP
2002F
2226
EMS Total
Net Tax
2001F
The commodity dimension
• For each of the 719 IO commodities, IAD
provides a tridimensional picture: the
Demand side, the supply side and
Interprovincial trade flow.
• This picture includes international imports
and exports
36
Some definitions…
• Total Demand: Inputs + Final demand
• Inputs: ‘Intermediate Demand’, i.e. all
industries using this commodity to produce
output.
• Final demand: ’End users’, i.e. Personal
Expenditures, M&E, changes in
inventories, International Exports, Re
exports
37
Definitions- continued
• Supply: All industries producing this
commodity, plus 7 margins + imports +
taxes.
• As usual in the SNA Supply must equal
demand
• So industries and commodities should
both be balanced
38
NAICS 1859-Other clothing acc.
National level
Category
Io Table
Supply
Output
2002F
2003F
2004P
661366
647452
740231
629001
Margins
1089916
1124741
1142300
1171553
Imports
1244452
1280111
1135184
1279154
2995734
3052304
3017715
3079708
469081
526001
533671
531721
2526653
2526303
2484044
2547987
2995734
3052304
3017715
3079708
0
0
0
0
Supply Total
Demand
Input
Final Demand
Demand Total
Balance
2001F
39
IPTF for commodity 1859 “Other clothing and accessories, excluding
dressed furs and fur apparel”, 2004 preliminary
• The IPTF (interprovincial and international
trade flows) shows the origin and
destination of commodity 1859 by province
and; the total supply and the total demand.
40
Industry Balance Account
level S (year 2004) example
 The total production value of any or all industries in the output
table equals the sum of the intermediate inputs plus Gross
Domestic Product inputs in the inputs table.
 As an example, industry 5 for mining and oil and gas
extraction, shows a production total value of 123,235.6 million
dollars in the 2004 outputs table. The same value of total
inputs of this industry of 123,235.7 million dollars is shown as
the column total of the 2004 inputs table. The Gross
Domestic Product inputs (at market price) shows as rows 5259 is 85,692.0 million (69.5 % of total) and the intermediate
inputs of goods and services is 37,543.7 millions (30.5 % of
total) shown as rows 1-51.
41
Commodity Balance Account
Level S (year 2004) example
 The production of a commodity (supply) equals the sum
(demand) of intermediate use (inputs table) plus final
demand (final demand table)
 The domestic production from Canadian industries of the
row commodity 23, motor vehicle, other transportation
equipment & parts is 133,522.8 millions for all industries
in the outputs table.
 The Inputs table shows a total use of 66,062.4 millions of
this commodity plus final demand total use of 67,460.4
millions equals 133,522.8 millions
42
Input-Output Identities
Gross Domestic Product Market Price
(2004)
 Inputs table total column
– sum of rows 52 to 59
– GDP market price inputs
1,206,096.1
 Plus Final Demand table total column
– sum of rows 52-59
– GDP Market price Final Demand
84,731.9
 Equals GDP market price
– Income side
1,290,828.0
 Equals expenditures on GDP
– grand total of Final Demand
43
The relationships above are shown
schematically (year 2004)
Inputs
Final Demand Total
Row 1
1255
Intermediate
1,206
2461
1,206
85
1291
2461
1291
Row 51
Row 52
GDP
Row 59
Total
44
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT AT BASIC PRICE
The values are now published on basic price (CANSIM).
Here is an example as a comparison between the different concepts.
Total of the economy 2004 (millions of dollars)*
TOTAL
105467.5
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
BASIC PRICE FACTOR COST MARKET
105467.5
-15629.3
Indirect Taxes on products
Inputs Fin. Dem.
20735.6 84731.9
Subsidies on products
-15629.3
-15629.3
-870.6
-870.6
-870.6
-870.6
59866.0
59866.0
59866.0
59866.0
570195.1
84762.3
84143.0
402894.0
570195.1
84762.3
84143.0
402894.0
570195.1
84762.3
84143.0
402894.0
570195.1
84762.3
84143.0
402894.0
570195.1
84762.3
84143.0
402894.0
1290828.0
1200989.8
1141994.4
1290828.0
Subsidies on production
Indirect taxes on production
Wages and Salaries
Supplementary Labour Income
Mixed income
Other Operating Surplus
TOTAL
1206096.1 84731.9
* Includes taxes in final demand
45
SOME DEFINITIONS
Supplementary Labour Income:
This category consists of expenditures incurred by employers on account
of labour that can be regarded as payment for employees' services.
Employers' contributions to pensions, welfare, employment insurance and
workers' compensation programs are included in this category. In addition
to these contributions, employers give "severance pay" or "termination
pay" "early retirement bonuses" etc.
Mixed Income:
It consists of payments to owners of unincorporated businesses (e.g. selfemployed persons and farmers). the payments represent combined
remuneration to both capital and labour which are employed in the
production process.
Other operating surplus includes:
Profits generated by corporations and government business enterprises
before taxes and dividends.
Capital consumption allowances (depreciation) for both the corporate and
unincorporated sectors.
Inventory valuation adjustment of non-farm inventories.
Interest and miscellaneous investment income.
Bad debt, charitable donation
46
ACCOUNTING IDENTITIES
• Commodity balance:
Production + imports = intermediate use
+ domestic final use
+ exports
• Industry balance:
- Total output of an industry (gross output) =
its intermediate inputs + primary inputs
- Gross Domestic Product (expenditure
based) =
Gross Domestic Product (income based)
47
GDP by industry
Benchmarking
Benchmarking
• The monthly indicators must be adjusted
to the benchmarks provided by the InputOutput tables (interpolation)
• The sub-annual movements of the
benchmarks are estimated using those of
the indicators (extrapolation)
49
Extrapolations
Benchmark
Extrapolations from the benchmark
50
INPUT-OUTPUT DATA SOURCES
I WITHIN STATISTICS CANADA
BUSINESS AND TRADE STATISTICS
INDUSTRY STATISTICS
- Manufacturing Construction and Energy Division
- Distributive Trades Division
- Services Industries Division
- Enterprise Statistics
ECONOMY WIDE STATISTICS
- Investment and Capital Stock Division
- Industrial Organization and Finance Division
- International Trade Division
- Prices Division
AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY AND TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS
- Agriculture Division
- Transportation Division
51
INPUT-OUTPUT DATA SOURCES
I WITHIN STATISTICS CANADA
INSTITUTIONS AND SOCIAL STATISTICS
- Culture, Tourism and the Centre for Education Statistics
- Health Division
LABOUR AND HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
- Labour Division
SYSTEM OF NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
- Income and Expenditure Accounts
- Balance of Payments Division
- Public Institutions Division
- Environment Accounts
52
INPUT-OUTPUT
DATA SOURCES
II
OTHER FEDERAL DEPARTMENTS AND
AGENCIES
- Canada Revenue Agency (T4/T1/GIFI/GST files)
- Department of Supply and Services
- Natural Resources Canada
- Department of Finance
- Treasury Board
- Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions
- R.C.M.P.
- National Transportation Agency
- Oceans Canada
- Health Canada
53
- Bank of Canada
INPUT-OUTPUT
DATA SOURCES
III OTHER SOURCES
- Provincial and Territorial Governments
- Municipalities
- Petroleum Services Association of Canada
- Colliers Canadian Real Estate Review
- TSE
- Investment Funds Institute of Canada
- Investor Protection Fund
- Canadian Life and Health Insurance
Association
- Annual Reports
54
VALUATION OF INPUT-OUTPUT
CELLS
• All Cells must be valued consistently in order for tables to
balance
• For Analytical Uses I-O tables are valued at producer prices
• Producer Price = selling prices at boundary of the
producing establishment (in manufacturing,
“factor gate” price) excluding all taxes
• Purchaser Price = valuation of commodities purchased by
industries and final demand sectors
• Margins = There are 7 types of margins that are used to
convert between purchaser and producer price
valuations: retail , wholesale, tax, transport, gas,
storage and pipeline
• I-O tables are first balanced in purchaser prices and
55
subsequently in producer prices
TYPES OF TAXES ON GOODS AND SERVICES














Federal Trading Profits on Lottery and Race Track
Federal Gasoline tax
Federal Excise Tax
Federal Excise Duties
Federal Air Transportation Tax
Provincial Wine and Liquor Gallonnage Tax
Provincial Trading Profits on Liquor and Lottery
Provincial Gasoline tax
Provincial Amusement Tax
Local Amusement tax
Local Retail sales tax
Federal Goods and Services Tax
Provincial Retail sales tax (including liquor and tobacco)
Provincial Harmonized Sales Tax
56
Producer to Purchaser valuation for
a commodity
Value




Domestic plant produce a good g3
Good is transported to a wholesaler
Good is bought by a wholesaler
Good is sold by the wholesaler to a retailer
Wholesale margins
 At point of sale tax is levied
 Final purchaser value to the buyer sold by
retailer plus tax
60
1
61
68
7
12
80
57
Purchaser to producer price
valuation of Inputs to a buyer
 Suppose the good valued at 80 is a input to an
industry which also buys other goods and
services and GDP components
 The purchaser price to producer price maybe
shown
58
Inputs for an Industry
Purchaser Tsp
g1
g2
g3
s1
s2
Tsp margin
Wholesale margin
Tax Margin
GDP (factor)
Total
10
30
80
10
20
50
200
Whls
1
1
1
Tax
2
2
7
Producer
1
12
3
3
11
16
6
27
60
10
17
3
11
16
50
200
59
National Valuation of Personal Expenditure Category: Household Appliances in $thousands
Commodity description
Household clothes washers & dryers
Household dishwashers
Mowers, snowblowers, sprinklers, etc.
Non-electric furnaces & heating equipment
Bulldozers, farm & garden tractors
Other agricultural machinery
Fans & air circulation units, not industrial
Air conditioning equipment, wall & window
Microwave ovens
Small household appliances
Electric furnace & other electric heating equipment
Household refrigerators & freezers
Household cooking equipment, excl. microwave ovens
Telephone & related equipment, incl. facsimile
Wholesaling margins
Retailing margins
Transportation margins
Indirect taxes on products
Total
Purchaser
price
Retail
margin
Wholesale
Tax
Transport Producer
margin
margin margin
price
649,500
280,364
900,237
182
218,225
1,239
77,925
99,187
250,749
1,467,926
28,543
981,700
853,151
275,297
150,588
67,472
210,820
40
43,594
0
19,246
26,787
74,033
350,628
4,430
246,917
302,492
72,404
72,011
35,144
97,498
0
18,369
220
5,000
8,416
42,759
151,615
4,249
109,615
112,172
43,512
77,278
32,881
106,054
19
25,198
140
9,398
11,936
29,880
176,002
3,339
117,299
101,224
33,532
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
700,580
0 1,569,451
0
61,122
0
724,180
700,580 724,180
61,122 6,084,225
6,084,225 1,569,451
3,236
2,247
15,828
0
2,465
23
985
908
7,608
13,685
628
5,014
7,700
795
346,387
142,620
470,037
123
128,599
856
43,296
51,140
96,469
775,996
15,897
502,855
329,563
125,054
60
Commodity Balance
01300 Fruits, Fresh, Ex. Tropical
PURCHASER
RETAIL
WHOLESALE
TAX
T.S.P.
GAS
PRODUCERS
336
351
85776
12992
689
514
21949
1090
5453
39968
17062
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
53
52
13400
2052
107
82
3471
177
852
6245
2666
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
14
2761
458
27
25
708
34
198
1454
622
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
272
285
69615
10482
555
407
17770
879
4403
32269
13774
186180
0
29157
0
6312
0
150711
2 AGRICULTURE, FIELDCROP
0
0
0
0
0
0
279419
TOTAL OUTPUTS
0
0
0
0
0
0
279419
756162
-22998
55724
4886
-373777
172953
0
0
0
0
91945
0
4159
0
0
0
0
0
0
20363
0
1869
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
470901
-22998
49696
4886
-373777
INTERMEDIATE INPUTS
16 MEAT/MEAT PROD. (EXC. POULTRY)
18 FISH PRODUCTS INDUSTRY
19 FRUIT AND VEGETABLE INDUSTRIES
20 DAIRY PRODUCTS INDUSTRIES
25 BREAD & OTHER BAKERY PROD. IND.
27 SUGAR CONFECTIONERY IND.
33 WINE INDUSTRY
182 WHOLESALE TRADE INDUSTRIES
199 ACCOMMODATION SERVICE IND.
200 FOOD & BEVERAGE SERVICE IND.
212 CAFETERIA SUPPLIES
TOTAL
INTERMEDIATE INPUTS
OUPUTS
FINAL DEMAND
1 CE FOOD & NON-ALCOHOLIC BEV.
121 INV. RAW MATERIALS & G.P.R.S.
128 DOMESTIC EXPORTS
129 RE-EXPORTS
130 IMPORTS
TOTAL
FINAL DEMAND
419997
172953
96104
0
22232
0
128708
TOTAL
INPUTS + FINAL DEMAND
606177
172953
125261
0
28544
0
279419
TOTAL
OUTPUTS - TOTAL INPUTS
-606177
-172953
-125261
0
-28544
0
0
61
Exports: purchaser’s price vs producer’s
price
The exports are valued at the border (purchaser’s price) which includes a
transport margin.
Ex: export of a good produced in a factory in Ontario
Purchaser’s price:
Producer’s price (factory in Ontario):
Transportation margin (transporter from Manitoba)
Then: export at purch. price
But: export from Ontario
export from Manitoba
Conclusion:
$15,000.00
$10,000.00
$ 5,000.00
= $15,000.00
= $10,000.00 (good)
= $ 5,000.00 (transport margin)
Only the producer’s price shows the true transactions.
APPLICATIONS
63
National time series in current price
• Example : electric power
•
1992 1993 1994
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
G1
G2
G3
S1
GDP
TOTAL
800
800
-
-
100
1000
2500
4400
200
1100
2600
4800
1000
50
250
1200
3000
5500
64
Example : electric power
1992
1993
1994
G1
G2
G3
S1
GDP
18.18
2.27
22.73
56.82
18.75
4.17
22.92
54.17
18.18
0.91
4.55
21.82
54.54
TOTAL
100.00
100.00
100.00
Relative price change in G3
Change of technology in G2
65
Outsourcing computer services
Data: Time-series C$ I/O Tables (M level)
Commodity #84:
Business and computer services
Industries: #43 (NAICS 541)
- Professional, scientific and technical services
& #44 (NAICS 561)
- Administrative and support services
CANSIM Table: 381-0014
66
Business & Computer Services (commodity)
%
8
7
Share of Total
Gross Output
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1791
4791
7791
0891
3891
Inputs
6891
9891
Outputs
2991
5991
8991
1002
4002
Ind. 541 + 564
67
The National Input-Output
Model
68
Fictive example
Example of Impact of $10 Demand For Exports of Manufactured goods
Assume we have 3 commodities: Manufactured goods, other goods, services.
We want to know the direct and indirect effects of an increased demand for export of $10 worth o f
manufactured goods, but no units of the other commodities.
So we have a final demand, which can be denoted as:
e=
Com 1 10
Com 2
0
Com 3
0
69
Suppose we have a market share matrix :
Com 1
Com 2
Com 3
Ind. 1:
1.0
0.5
0.3
Ind. 2:
0
0.5
0.7
D=
What this tells us is that:
Industry 1 is the only industry producing manufactured goods.
Industries 1 and 2 each produce half of the output of commodity 2,
other goods.
Industry 1 produces 30% of the output of commodity 3 (services), and
industry 2 produces 70% of services.
70
Now that we know that industry 1 is required to produce $10 of output, how
does it go about it. It has to bring together a number of goods and services in
order to do this. Hence we go to the matrix of technological coefficients, B,
which is derived from the Use matrix.
Ind 1
Ind 2
Com 1:
Com 2:
Com 3:
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.4
Primary Coefficients
0.2
0.4
B=
71
To produce $10 of output industry 1 will require
$2 of commodity 1,
$4 of commodity 2 and
$2 of commodity 3.
Where will these commodities come from? The industries which produce
them.
To find that out we must return to the market share matrix D. From this we
can see that:
72
Industry 1 produces all of commodity 1: $2, as well as half of commodity 2:
$2, and 30% of commodity 3: 60 cents, for a total of $4.60.
Industry 2 produces half of commodity 2: $2, and 70% of commodity 3:
$1.40, for a total of $3.40.
At this point industry 1 has produced $14.60 (the original $10 plus $4.60),
and industry 2 has produced $3.40.
The process does not stop here. We need to go back to the matrix of
technological coefficients to find out what inputs are required to produce
$4.60 of industry 1’s output and $3.40 of industry 2’s output.
73
For $4.60 output of industry 1, we need:
.92 of com 1
1.84 of com 2
.92 of com 3
For $3.40 output of industry 2, we need:
.34 of com 1
.34 of com 2
1.36 of com 3
74
Again, we want to know what industries produce these commodities:
Industry 1 will produce all of commodity 1: .92 + .34 = 1.26,
$1.09 of commodity 2, and .68 of commodity 3, making a total
of $3.03.
Industry 2 will produce $1.09 of commodity 2 (.92 + .17), and
$1.60 of commodity 3, making a total of $2.69.
75
At this point industry 1 has produced a total of $17.63 and industry 2
has produced $6.09.
To arrive at these figures we took the initial output of $10 and made
successive additions for each round of production. Notice that with
each round the output decreases, because the intermediate inputs
required to produce a dollar of output is less than a dollar.
We can continue to work through the various rounds of production
until the additions are so small that we reach a limit. This should be
about $24 (24.814815) for industry 1 and $12 (12.592593) for
industry 2. We know from the original parameters that the primary
factor coefficients are respectively 0.2 and 0.4 for industries 1 and 2.
If we multiply these coefficients by the output of the corresponding
industries the weighted sum is equal to 10.
76
Output generated
(Without leakages)
Industry 1
Industry 2
Initial demand
10
first round
4.6
3.4
3.034
2.686
2.12086
1.91794
……
…
…
……
…
…
24.814815
12.592593
x .2
x .4
4.962963
5.0370372
second round
third round
Total
GDP
Sum =
10
77
The mathematical expression of the accounting balance
between total supply and total disposition
q + m + v = Bg + e* + XD + XR
where
q
is the total commodity output vector
Bg
is the intermediate input vector
m
is a vector of the values of imports
v
is a vector of the values of withdrawals from inventories
XD
XR
e*
is a vector of the values of domestic exports
is a vector of the values of re-exports
is a vector of the values of the following
final demand categories:
PE + FCF + VPCA + NGCE
78
C = Consumption (personal expenditure)
Accounting framework for the
Canadian Provincial Input-Output
Accounts
I = Investment
INV = Inventory Change
G = Government current expenditure
XI = International exports
MI = International imports
XP = Provincial exports
MP = Provincial imports
Categories are reflected through all 13 provinces/territories
COMMODITIES
(719
commodities)
COMMODITIES
(719 commodities)
INDUSTRIES
(300 industries)
INDUSTRIES
(300
industries)
FINAL DEMAND
CATEGORIES
C
I
I
N
V
G X
I
X
P
M M
I P
Intermediate
inputs
TOTAL
Gross
Output by
Commodity
Gross
Output by
Industry
Production
Indirect taxes on products
Indirect taxes on production
Subsidies on products
Subsidies on production
Wages and salaries
Supplementary labour income
Mixed income
Other operating surplus
Total
GDP
(income
based)
Primary
inputs
Gross Output
by Commodity
Gross
Output by
Industry
GDP (expenditure based)
79
Technological coefficients
Derived from the INPUT matrix
B  Ugˆ
1
technological relationship
Represents the direct input requirements of intermediate inputs
80
Market share coefficients
Derived from the OUTPUT matrix
1
ˆ
D  Vq
Industry shares of production of each commodity are fixed
81
BASIS FOR DERIVING THE
IMPACT MATRIX
Matrix of Market Share Coefficient
• Calculated from MAKE MATRIX
• Industry shares of production of each commodity
• g=DTq
Matrix of Technological Coefficients
• Calculated from USE MATRIX
• Inputs required to produce a dollar of industry output
• Ui=Bg
Assumptions
• Each industry has fixed market share of any commodity
• Technical coefficients of each industry are fixed
82
=DTq
DERIVING THE IMPACT
MATRIX
(Simplified version)
(i) g
(ii) Ui = Bg
(iii)q = Bg + e
q is the total commodity output vector;
Bg is the intermediate input vector
and e is the total final demand input vector exogenously specified by users
(q = Bg + e is the accounting balance between the supply
and total disposition of each and every commodity)
Multiply both sides of equation (iii) by D:
We obtain (iv) Dq = DBg + De
From equation (i) Dq = g we substitute Dq by g in (iv)
g = DBg + De and we isolate g
(I-DB) g = De to obtain the impact equation:
g = (I-DB)-1 De
This is a simplified version of an economy without leakages (Imports, etc.)
83
THE NATIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT
“OPEN” MODEL
• (I-DB)-1 D represents an open IO model in a
closed economy with no imports of goods and
services and no inventory stocks
• Leakages flows originating from outside the
business sector or from production in a
previous year
1. Imports (µ)
2. Withdrawals from inventory ()
3. Other, e.g., disinvestment of machinery
and equipment as scrap
84
REFORMULATING THE MODEL
• To account for leakages the solution is rewritten as:
g = [I-D(I--)B]-1D
• And the impact matrix becomes:
[I-D(I--)B]-1 per dollar of industry output
[I-D(I--)B]-1D per dollar of commodity output
85
Output generated (With
leakages) *
Total
GDP
Industry 1
Industry 2
16.318246
7.540682
x .2
x .4
3.2636492
3.0162728
Sum =
6.3
*Manufactured goods 0.2
Other goods
0.1
Services
0.03
86
Regionalization of the
I/O Model
87
A simple regional IO model
Shows the links between final demands and total industry outputs
Regional imports
coefficients
g = [I - DRB]
Inter-industry transactions
Domestic final
expenditures
-1
exports
D(Rf + x)
Industrial dimension of final expenditures
g = gross outputs by industry (ind. by prov.)
D = market share matrix (ind. by com. by prov.)
B = input coefficients (com. by ind. by prov.)
R = regional import coefficients (com. by prov. by prov.)
f = domestic final demands (com. by prov.)
x = exports (com. by prov.)
88
OUTPUTS OF MODEL
• Direct Impacts - Industry output delivered to final
demand, the value-added associated with this output
as well as other supply to final demand directly
• Indirect Impacts - Industry output delivered to other
industries, the value-added associated with this
output as well as other supply to industries
• Total Impact = Direct + Indirect Impacts
Impacts can be expressed in terms of:
- Production (Gross Output) - Value-added (GDP)
- Labour Income
- Imports
- Employment
- Resources
• Multiplier - Ratio of total impact to exogenous shock
89
Input-Output simulation of an expenditure of $100 and the impact on the business sector
leakages (imports)
$200.00
Value Added (GDP)
Business sector produced
inputs
$45.45
$150.00
$54.55
$100.00
$25.00
$20.45
$30.00
$50.00
$24.55
$81.82
$45.00
$36.82
$0.00
Direct effects
Accumulated indirect effects
Total Impact
90
AAFC I/O Model
91
No
Code
Industries (W)
1
111400
Greenhouse, Nursery and Floriculture Production
2
111A00
Crop Production (except Greenhouse, Nursery and Floriculture Production
2a
111A01
Wheat
2b
111A02
Feed grain
2c
111A03
Oilseed
2d
111A04
Potatoes
2e
111A05
Fruits & Vegetables
2f
111A06
Other Crops
3
112500
Animal Aquaculture
4
112A00
Animal Production (except Animal Aquaculture)
4a
112A01
Dairy
4b
112A02
Cattle
4c
112A03
Hogs
4d
112A04
Poultry and eggs
4e
112A05
Other livestock
7
115100
Support Activities for Crop Production
8
115200
Support Activities for Animal Production
92
Statistics Canada
System of National Accounts
Input-Output Division
Consulting and Marketing
*NOTE: DETAIL MAY NOT ADD PROPERLY DUE TO R
2001 Output table modified basic price (industries # 1 to # 142) preliminary
NAICS
Public aggregation level W
Current dollars (in millions)
National public table
Industries
No.
Code
Commodities
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
1
111400
2a
111a01
2b
111a02
2c
111a03
2d
111a04
Greenhouse
, Nursery
and
Floriculture
Production
Wheat
Feed grain
Oilseed
Potatoes
2e
111a05
2f
111a06
3
112500
4a
112a01
4b
112a02
Fruits & Other Crops
Animal
Vegetables
Aquaculture
Dairy
Cattle
4c
112a03
4d
112a04
Hogs Poultry and
eggs
4e 5
112a05 113000
Other
livestock
Forestry
and
Logging
Description
Code
0010
0030
0040
0059
0071
0072
0081
0082
0083
0084
0085
0090
0100
0110
0130
0141
0142
0151
0152
0169
0170
0181
0182
Description
Cattle and calves
Hogs
Poultry
Other live animals
Wheat, unmilled, excluding imputed feed
Wheat, unmilled, imputed feed
Grain corn, excluding imputed feed
Corn fodder, imputed feed
Barley, excluding imputed feed
Other grains, excluding imputed feed
Other grains and fodder, imputed feed
Fluid milk, unprocessed
Eggs in the shell
Honey and beeswax
Fresh fruit, excluding tropical
Potatoes, fresh or chilled
Other vegetables, fresh or chilled
Hay and straw, excluding imputed feed
Hay and straw, imputed feed
Seeds, excluding oil seeds
Nursery stock, flowers, and other horticulture products
Canola
Soybeans and other oil seeds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
865
0
0
0
1749
0
0
0
0
0
0
2842
173
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
717
148
479
172
1244
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1257
593
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
675
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
544
0
596
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
38
43
0
0
0
0
0
704
226
2143
58
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4154
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7976
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3850
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1760
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
551
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
344
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
84
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
93
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Statistics Canada
System of National Accounts
Input-Output Division
Consulting and Marketing
*NOTE: DETAIL MAY NOT ADD PROPERLY DUE TO R
2001 Input table, modified basic price (industries # 1 to # 142) preliminary
NAICS
Public aggregation level W
Current dollars (in millions)
National public table
Industries
No.
Code
Commodities
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
1
111400
2a
111a01
2b
111a02
2c
111a03
2d
111a04
Greenhouse
, Nursery
and
Floriculture
Production
Wheat
Feed grain
Oilseed
Potatoes
3
112500
4a
112a01
4b
112a02
Animal
Fruits & Other Crops
Aquaculture
Vegetables
Dairy
Cattle
2e
111a05
2f
111a06
4c
112a03
4d
112a04
Hogs Poultry and
eggs
4e 5
112a05 113000
Other
livestock
Forestry
and
Logging
Description
Code
0010
0030
0040
0059
0071
0072
0081
0082
0083
0084
0085
0090
0100
0110
0130
0141
0142
0151
0152
0169
0170
Description
Cattle and calves
Hogs
Poultry
Other live animals
Wheat, unmilled, excluding imputed feed
Wheat, unmilled, imputed feed
Grain corn, excluding imputed feed
Corn fodder, imputed feed
Barley, excluding imputed feed
Other grains, excluding imputed feed
Other grains and fodder, imputed feed
Fluid milk, unprocessed
Eggs in the shell
Honey and beeswax
Fresh fruit, excluding tropical
Potatoes, fresh or chilled
Other vegetables, fresh or chilled
Hay and straw, excluding imputed feed
Hay and straw, imputed feed
Seeds, excluding oil seeds
Nursery stock, flowers, and other horticulture products
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
148
0
0
36
0
0
0
0
0
31
0
10
0
8
3
0
0
0
0
0
5
8
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
45
0
15
0
12
4
0
0
0
0
0
7
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
49
0
16
0
13
4
0
0
0
0
0
8
10
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
26
0
9
0
7
2
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
27
0
9
0
7
2
0
0
0
0
0
5
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
18
0
6
0
5
2
0
0
0
0
0
3
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
29
0
0
0
0
17
0
48
0
0
229
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
455
0
0
1310
0
0
0
0
113
0
43
0
0
693
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1001
0
0
0
34
0
0
0
31
0
34
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
441
0
0
4
0
367
0
0
7
0
21
0
0
94
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
202
0
0
8
8
26
0
0
4
0
3
0
0
26
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
44
0
0
94
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Statistics Canada
System of National Accounts
Input-Output Division
Consulting and Marketing
*NOTE: DETAIL MAY NOT ADD PROPERLY DUE TO ROUNDING AND SUPPRESSION OF CONFIDENTIAL COMMODITIES
2001 Final Demand table, modified basic price (preliminary)
NAICS
Aggregation level W
Current dollars (in millions)
National public table
Categories
No. 1
Code PE0011
Commodities
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Description
Code
0010
0030
0040
0059
0071
0072
0081
0082
0083
0084
0085
0090
0100
0110
0130
0141
0142
0151
0152
0169
0170
0181
Personal
expenditure
s, food and
nonalcoholic
beverages
2
PE0012
3
PE002
4
PE003
Personal
expenditure
Personal
s, alcoholic
expenditure beverages
s, food
bought in
(imputed)
stores
5
PE004
6
PE005
Personal
expenditure
Personal
s, men's
Personal
expenditure and boy's
expenditure s, men's
clothing,
s, tobacco and boy's
repair and
products
clothing
alterations
7
PE006
8
PE007
9
PE008
Personal
expenditure
s, women's
and
children's
clothing
Personal
expenditure
s, women's
clothing,
Personal
repair and expenditure
alterations s, footwear
10
PE009
11
PE010
12
PE011
Personal
expenditure
s, shoe
repair
Personal
expenditure
s, gross
imputed
rent
Personal
expenditure
s, gross
rent paid
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Description
Cattle and calves
Hogs
Poultry
Other live animals
Wheat, unmilled, excluding imputed feed
Wheat, unmilled, imputed feed
Grain corn, excluding imputed feed
Corn fodder, imputed feed
Barley, excluding imputed feed
Other grains, excluding imputed feed
Other grains and fodder, imputed feed
Fluid milk, unprocessed
Eggs in the shell
Honey and beeswax
Fresh fruit, excluding tropical
Potatoes, fresh or chilled
Other vegetables, fresh or chilled
Hay and straw, excluding imputed feed
Hay and straw, imputed feed
Seeds, excluding oil seeds
Nursery stock, flowers, and other horticulture products
Canola
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
296
56
1140
233
1723
0
0
0
0
0
237
98
37
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
2
3
60
13
78
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
95
Statistics Canada’s
SPSD/M
The Social Policy Simulation
Database and Model
The SPSD/M
• Statistics Canada’s SPSD/M is an integrated
database and tax/transfer simulation model
 The SPSD/M concentrates on calculating the first
round impacts of Canadian tax/transfer policy on
individuals and families
 Income taxes, payroll taxes, cash transfers, and
commodity taxes.
 It makes use of I/O data and modelling techniques
to estimate the distributional impact of commodity
taxes on families and individuals
 http://www.statcan.ca/bsolc/english/bsolc?catno=89
F0002X
97
Models based on I-O Tables
1.
Output Models
a) The Open Model
b) Closed Models
c) Interprovincial Model:
Requires (a) input-output tables for each
province.
(b) a matrix of commodity flows
between provinces.
2.
3.
Price models: cost push type models.
Market analysis models
98
SUMMARY OF USES OF INPUT-OUTPUT
ACCOUNTS(1)
 Benchmarks for GDP by industry.
 Measurement of real growth of:
(i) industry output
(ii) commodity output or use
(iii) final demand
Development of measures of multi-factor productivity.
99
SUMMARY OF USES OF INPUT-OUTPUT
ACCOUNTS(2)
 Impact analyses:
(i) Output.
(ii) Intensity studies,
 Energy
 employment
 taxes, etc.
 Analysis of the industrial structure of the economy..
 Effective tariff studies.
 Studies of price movements.
 Other.
100
References
• Hoffman et al., User’s Guide to Statistics Canada
Structural Economic Models, Input-Output Division,
Statistics Canada, 1980.
• Miller, E. Ronald and Blair, Peter D., Input-Output
Analysis: Foundations and Extensions, PrenticeHall, New Jersey, 1985.
• United Nations, Handbook of Input-Output Table
Compilation and Analysis, Series F, No. 74, New
York, 1999.
101
Documents which may be consulted (1):
1.
Statistics Canada Catalogue 15-510-XPB, The Input-Output Structure of the
Canadian Economy, 1961-1981 (Occasional).
2.
Statistics Canada Catalogue 15-511-XPB, The Input-Output Structure of the
Canadian Economy in Constant Prices, 1961-1981 (Occasional).
3.
Chenery, H. B., and Clark, P.G., Inter-Industry Economics, Wiley, New York, 1959.
4.
Miernyk, W.M., The Elements of Input-Output Analysis, Random House,
New York, 1965.
5.
O’Connor, R., and Henry, E.W., Input-Output Analysis and Its Applications, Hafner
Press, New York, 1975.
6.
Lal, K., “Compilation of Input-Output Tables: Canada”, in J.V. Skolda (ed.),
Compilation of Input-Output Tables, Proceedings of 17th General Conference of the
International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, 1981.
7.
Lal, K., “Canadian Input-Output Tables and their Integration with Other SubSystems of the National Accounts” Vienna, Austria, 1985.
8.
Statistics Canada Catalogue, 13-589-XPE, Guide to the Canadian System of
National Accounts.
102
Documents which may be consulted (2):
9.
Statistics Canada Catalogue, 15-201-XIE, The Input-Output Structure
of the Canadian Economy 1999-2000 (Annual).
10. Statistics Canada Catalogue, 15-546-XPE, Interprovincial and
international Trade in Canada, 1992-1998 (Occasional).
11. Statistics Canada Catalogue, 15-601-XPE, No. 2: Service Industries in
the Canadian Input-Output Accounts, Sources of Data and Methods of
Estimation. (Occasional).
12. United Nations, System of National Accounts, 1993.
13. Erik Poole, A Guide to Using the Input-Output Model of Statistics
Canada, Technical Series, #58, Input-Output Division.
14. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 15FOO77GIE, Systems of National
Accounts, A Guide to Deflating the Input-Output Accounts – Sources
and methods 2001.
15. The Derivation of Provincial (Inter-regional) Trade Flows: The
Canadian Experience, Technical series #98 by Pierre A. Généreux and
Brent Langen, Statistics Canada
103
The International Input-Output Association (IIOA)
http://iioa.org/index.asp
United Nations: About the System of National Accounts 1993
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/sna1993/introduction.asp
Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA): U.S. Economic Accounts
http://www.bea.doc.gov/
Statistics Canada : Input-Output Accounts
http://www.statcan.ca:8082/english/themes/sna-scn/sub/io.htm
104
Selected articles from Statistics Canada
Sport Utility Vehicles: Driving Change by Erik Magnusson Manufacturing, Construction and
Energy Division; Catalogue no. 11-621-MIE2005020
http://www.statcan.ca/english/research/11-621-MIE/11-621-MIE2005020.htm#3
The Soaring Loonie and Prices: Lower Inflation for Consumers? by Radu Chiru,
Prices Division Catalogue no. 11-621-MIE2004014
http://www.statcan.ca/english/research/11-621-MIE/11-621-MIE2004014.htm
Multipliers and Outsourcing: How industries interact with each other and affect GDP; by Philip
Cross and Ziad Ghanem
http://www.statcan.ca/bsolc/english/bsolc?catno=11-010-X20060019000
Rising energy prices: How big a shock to consumers and industry? by Philip Cross and Ziad
Ghanem
http://www.statcan.ca/bsolc/english/bsolc?catno=11-010-X20050118806
Canada's natural resource exports by Philip Cross and Ziad Ghanem
http://www.statcan.ca/bsolc/english/bsolc?catno=11-010-X20050057894
Offshoring and Employment in Canada: Some Basic Facts by Anick Johnson and René
Morissette
http://www.statcan.ca/english/research/11F0019MIE/11F0019MIE2007300.htm
105