Transcript Thailand - Intranet

Country Report of Thailand
on Income Generation and Poverty
Reduction for Development
By
Kanjana Malaikritsanachalee
Ravivan Suwansin
16 March – 10 April, 2009
1
Overview of Thailand
2
Thailand
Thailand
3
About Thailand
4 main regions of Thailand
Khon Kaen
>> Northern part
>> Northeastern part
>> Central part
>> Southern part
Khon Kaen Province
Capital city : Bangkok
4
Symbols of Thailand
5
National Symbol
The national symbol of
Thailand and royal symbol
is the Garuda, a mythical
half bird, half human figure
(steed of the Hindu god
Vishnu) that adorns HM King
Aduladej Bhumibol's
sceptor and royal standard.
6
Thai Flag
- Red stands for "The nation"
- White stands for "Religion"
- Blue stands for "The King"
7
Thai Clothes
8
Thai Dance
Northern Dance
Ancient Dance
Northeastern Folk Dance
Central Dance
Southern Dance
Blessing Dance
9
10
Grand Palace
11
12
Thai Silk
13
Thai House in the Northeast
Thai House in the Central
Thai house
Thai House in the North
14
Songkran Day, the traditional Thai
New Year is celebrated every year
between 13-15 April. The most
obvious celebration of Songkran is
the throwing of water. Songkran
days are also considered the
family days and the elderly days.
Loi Krathong Day, more romantic
event on the full moon night in
November in which homage is paid
to the Mother of Waters. All over the
country, people gather at the rivers,
ponds and lakes under the
moonlight to float krathongs, small
lotus-shaped offerings containing
incense, flowers, a candle and a
coin.
15
16
Thailand Economy
• GDP : $596.5 billion (2006), GDP per capita : 3,600 $
• Structure of Output (% of GDP) : Agriculture 10%, Industry 44%,
Services 46%
• Poverty Line : 50$ per month (2006)
• Population below poverty line : 10% (2006)
• Labor force : 36.41 millions
• Unemployment rate : 2.1% in 2006
• Exports : $ 123.5 billion (textiles and footwear, fishery products,
rice, rubber, jewelry, automobiles, computers and electrical
appliances)
• Imports : $ 119.3 billion (intermediate goods and raw materials,
consumer goods, fuels)
17
Thailand Economy
Natural resources: tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum,
timber, lead, fish, gypsum, lignite, fluorite, arable land
• Industries : tourism, textiles and garments, agricultural processing,
beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing such as jewelry
and electric appliances, computers and parts, integrated circuits,
furniture, plastics, automobiles (Toyota, Honda, General Motor,
Masda, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Isuzu, Benz, BMW) and automotive
parts;
• Agriculture products : rice,, rubber, corn, sugarcane, coconuts,
soybeans
• Member : WTO, AFTA, ASEAN, GMS, ACMECS, BIMSTEC, IMT-GT
• Free Trade Agreement (FTA) : India, Australia, Japan, China
18
Thailand’s Poverty
Overview
19
Poverty Trend
Thailand’s Poverty Declined Rapidly over the Past 40-50 Years
60
51
50
40
30
20
45
42
45
38
34
33
28
25
19
15
17
18 19
20 21
21 21
19 19
15 16
11 11
10
0
1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2004
C o n s u m p t io n P o ve rt y
In c o m e P o ve rt y
20
Poverty Ratio by Region
100%
44.94 38.45 29.37 25.55 17.20 20.12 17.06 13.85
7.82
80%
60%
17.16
55.94 51.13 47.35
23.74
35.03
37.03 25.65 29.00
40%
48.04 36.75
20%
39.16 32.14
0%
35.56 25.39 16.80
17.01 23.45 18.71 16.24
21.20 16.43 11.19 11.89 10.49
15.05 10.94 6.00 2.86 1.58 1.69 1.62
8.04
2.22
5.09
1.64
1988
2002
2004
1990
BMR
1992
1994
Central
1996
North
1998
Northeast
2000
South
21
Regional
Disparities in
Thailand
Poverty
incidence by
province
Poverty
concentrated in
NE and some
border provinces
in North & South
Source: NSO, NESDB
22
Poverty Measuring in Thailand
• The new national poverty line is revised in
2004
• Thailand measures poverty incidence at
household level by comparing per capita
household income against poverty line
23
Characteristics of the Poor
– Half of the poor in Thailand were in agricultural
sector, majority of them were landless farm workers
– Poverty is much higher among large households
– Poverty rises perceptibly with higher aged of the
heads of households
– The poor household heads with lower educational
levels face serious problem to be poor
– Incidence of poverty among children is generally
much higher than the average for the whole
Kingdom, the incidence of poverty among elderly is
not as severe as among children
24
Government and Non-government
organizations’ intervention


To maintain and increase income of
people
To decrease cost of living

To support and encourage society and
quality of life

To develop Thai economics; especially
the agricultural sector
25
Best practices
“Sufficiency Economy”
The Best Practices of Thai nations
26
The definition of the philosophy
of “Sufficiency Economy”
“Sufficiency Economy” is a philosophy that
stresses the middle path as an overriding
principle for appropriate conduct by the
populace at all levels. This applies to conduct
starting from the level of the families,
communities, as well as the level of nation in
development and administration so as to
modernize in line with the forces of
globalization.
27
What is “Sufficiency Economy”?





Guides the way of living or behavior of people
at all levels through a middle path.
Aim to create balance and be able to cope with
critical challenges arising from extensive and
rapid changes.
Its application domain is scalable and
universal
Complete and govern everything from
motivation to criteria and from behavior to
system
Address all issues within a dynamic setting
28
‘Sufficiency’ entails……
3
Components:
 Moderation
 Reasonableness
 requirement
2
for a self-immunity system
Conditions:
 knowledge
 morality
29
The New Theory Agriculture as
One Example of Application

New Theory Agriculture (NTA)



A new sustainable agricultural model towards selfreliance for the rural household.
Develop systematic guidelines for proper
management of natural resources, especially land
and water
The main purpose is to make farmers more selfreliant through an integrated management of their land,
while living harmoniously with nature and within society.
30
3 Stages of NTA
Sufficiency at the household level
 Sufficiency at the community level
 Sufficiency at the national level

31
At the Household Level

The land shall be divided into 4 parts
with a proportion of 30/30/30/10.
 30%
- for rice cultivation
 30% - for field and garden crops
 30% - for a pond
 10% - for housing and other activities
32
At the Community Level

Based on cooperative activities with members within
community, on a concept of sharing excess
resources of each household.

Example: rice bank, cow/buffalo bank, bio-fertilizer
production group, saving group, community
healthcare center, community learning center, etc.

Lead to a more self-reliance, strength of each
community, capacity of community members,
reducing costs of living, increasing income, or
creating community social safety net
33
At the National Level

Expand the activities to other communities,
co-operative firms, banks, and other
outside sources
 Compare to developing a value-chain in
production.
 Examples of the expanded activities: fund
raising, creating direct sales channel,
seeking fund for establishing community
rice mill or cooperative stores
34
At the National Level (Cont.)

Various institutions will join hands to
create sufficiency at the provincial or
national level
Private firms can initiate corporate social
responsibility to reach out to communities.
 Public sector is to promote different types of
associations
 Non-governmental organizations can
collaborate in various activities they are keen
in to strengthen the sufficiency at all levels.

35
Community Sufficiency Economic
Learning Center Project
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
36
Learning by Doing
- Rotate land for agriculture
- Provide land for farmers
- Registered farmers are helped
- Improve land
- farmers gain benefits
37
Pictures of the Project
Udornthani Province
38
Udornthani Province
39
Sakonnakorn Province
40
Sakonnakorn Province
41
Problems and Challenges

Concentration of economic activities in
Bangkok and urban areas

Failure of the Thai government to provide
social safety nets amid the country's rapid
growth and industrialization

Weak educational system
42
Problems and Challenges (Cont.)

Failure of the government to implement
agricultural land reform policies
 Increase in the number of farm tenants

Young people are scarcely become next
generation of farmers

Products from the agricultural sector
mostly tends to be primary products
43
Opportunities

Thailand has been known as “the kitchen of the
world”

Have the new theory concept, the Philosophy of
Sufficiency Economy, and lots of projects
initiated by his Majesty King Bhumibol
Adulyadej

With local knowledge, farmers produce various
kinds of products; particularly the ones having a
theme from nature are more popular nowadays.
(OTOP: One Tambon One Product)
44
Thank you
45