Transcript Présentation DIAL - United Nations Economic and Social

Workshop on Informal Employment and
Informal Sector Data Collection:
Strategy, Tools and Advocacy
Amman, 13-15 April 2008
Phase1 of the 1-2 survey:
Concepts and objectives
Sébastien Merceron (DIAL - Insee)
[email protected]
1
Contents
1. Introduction: the non-observed economy
2. The 1-2 Survey
3. Concepts developed in Phase1:
1. Informal sector
2. Informal employment
4. Main objectives of Phase1:
1. Measure informal employment
2. Measure informal sector size
3. Filter individuals for the Phase2
2
1. The non-observed economy
• Gaps in national accounts while trying to reconcile
data on output, income and expenditure (balance
between uses and resources)
• Significant underestimation of the GDP
• Low labor participation rates, especially for women
→ Raise awareness that something is missing in
national indicators and official records (GDP,
employment, …) : The “Black Box” of statistics
3
1. The non-observed economy
The Non-Observed Economy has been defined in
the OECD handbook as:
1) illegal production
2) underground production,
3) informal sector production,
4) household production for own final use
-----------------------------------Informal economy= informal sector +
informal employment outside the
informal sector
4
2. The 1-2 Survey : a mixed survey
Data is collected in two phases:
• First phase: Labour Force Survey
– Collect data on employment, adding questions on
informal employment
– Integrate questions in LFS to identify Household
Unincorporated Enterprises for Market (HUEM)
• Second phase; HUEM Survey
– Use first phase data to construct sampling frame for
HUEMs
– Collect data on HUEM
Identification of ‘informal sector’ enterprise is done in
the data analysis stage
5
2. The 1-2 Survey : The scheme
6
3. Concepts developped in Phase1:
a) The Informal sector
• Informal units typically operate at a low level of
organisation, with little or no division between labour
and capital as factors of production and on a small
scale. Expenditure for production is often
indistinguishable from household expenditure.
• Activities are not necessarily performed with the
deliberate intention of evading the payment of taxes
or social security contributions, or infringing labour or
other legislations or administrative provisions.
• Labour relations are based mostly on casual
employment, kinship or personal and social relations
rather than contractual arrangements with formal
guarantees.
7
Informal sector : business-based
definition
• the informal sector is a sub-sector of the
household institutional sector in the system of
national accounts
• To be excluded: all incorporated enterprises, nonprofit institutions serving households,
government institutions.
• at least some production must be marketed,
which excludes production of goods and services
exclusively carried out for own final use
• Own-accounts workers / informal employers
8
Definition of the HUEM
= Household Unincorporated Enterprises for Market
A business is a HUEM if:
• Private sector (≠public bodies, association…)
• Owned by individuals/households (≠company)
• No formal written accounts (≠ separation between
private life and business)
• Enterprises with at least some market
output (≠ own final consumption)
9
10
Informal sector = part of a HUEMs
Additional criteria:
• Size < threshold (in terms of number of
jobs or number of paid employees),
• Not registered
•
•
•
•
No specific business name
No separate business bank account
Without professional premises
…
11
3. Concepts developped in Phase1:
a) The Informal employment
• The word “informal” has also been a source of misunderstanding
and confusion.
• The 17th ICLS (ILO, 2003) defined informal employment as a
broader concept, which include “informal” employees working for
formal or informal economic units without being registered or
declared by their employers.
• While Informal sector refers to the informal link between the State
and the business owner.
• Informal employement refers to the informal link between employer
and employee.
→ Job precariousness / risks / quality / work conditions
12
Informal employment : criteria
• While the concept of informal sector refers to production
units as observation units, the concept of informal
employment refers to jobs as observation units
• Jobs rather than employed persons.
CRITERIA :
• no written contract
• no pay slip
• no legal or social protection
• outworkers (home-based workers, streets workers)
• casual/temporary job
• absence of labour union…
13
4. Objectives of the Phase1:
a) Identify jobs in the informal sector
(institutional sectors)
b) Measure informal employment
c) Identify heads of HUEMs:
→ see next presentation
14
a) Questions to identify jobs in
informal sector (institutional
sectors)
Questions for both main and (eventual)
secondary activity, for workers aged 15
years or above.
15
For self employed workers only
TYPE OF
OWNERSHIP
What is the type
of ownership at
the
enterprise where
you work?
1. Government
(central/local)
2. Statutory body
Privately owned
3. A corporate
business, company
((un)limited)
4. A Cooperative
5. Business owned
by a person, family
or group
6. Other nongovernmental
private organization
BANK
ACCOUNTS
ACCOUNT
As owner of
the
enterprise,
are you able
to take out a
bank loan in
the name of
the
business?
1.Yes
2. No
What kind of
accounts do you
keep for this
activity?
1. Complete set of
written accounts
2. Simplified
written accounts
3. Only through
informal records of
orders, sales,
purchases
4. No records are
kept.
REGISTRATION
Is the enterprise in which you work
registered in any national/state or local
agency?
Tax
National
administration Insurance
?
Corporation?
1. Yes
2. No
3. In process
of being
registered
4. Don't know
1. Yes
2. No
3. In process of
being registered
4. Don't know
Other:
……….
?
1. Yes
2. No
3. In
process
of being
registere
d
4. Don't
know
16
SIZE
How many
persons
(including
yourself)
usually work in
the
business where
you
work?
1. only one
2. 2-5
3. 6-9
4. 10- 49
5. 50 or more
WAGE
EARNERS
How many of
them are paid
employees?
Number:___
OR
1. 4 or less.
2. 5 or more.
PREMISES
Where do you
mainly
undertake your
work?
1.Fixed
professional
premises
2. Home/client
home
3. Outdoor fixed
place.
4. Mobile.
OR same items
as in PHASE2
17
b) Questions to measure informal
employment
Questions for both main and (eventual)
secondary activity, for workers aged 15
years or above.
18
Module For EMPLOYEES only
Short version
TYPE OF
CONTRACT
WRITTEN
CONTRACT
What kind of
contract do you Are you
have for each
employed on
of these jobs?
the basis of a
written
1. A written
contract?
contract for
long-term
1. Yes,
employment.
Written
2. A written
contract
contract for
short-term
2. No, Verbal
employment.
agreement
3. Only verbal
agreement.
4. No contract.
Extensive version
LIMITED
DURATIONDURATION
current
Is your/......
current
contract or
agreement of a
limited
duration?
1. Yes
2 No,
permanent or
without time
limit
If (2) Go to 27F
DURATION- all
What is the
duration of
your current
contract or
agreement?
How long have
you been
employed by
your
current
employer based
1. Daily
on fixed term
contracts/agreeme contracts?
nts
2. Less than 1
1. Less than 6
month
months
3. 1 to <3 months 2. 6 months less
4. 3 to <6 months a year
5. 6 to <12 month 3. 1 year less 2
6. 12 to <24
years
months
4. 2 years less 3
7. More than 24
years
months
5. 3 years or
8. Don't
longer
know/Not stated
6. Don't
know/Not stated
19
Module For EMPLOYEES only
CASUAL/
JOB TURNOVER
PAY SLIP
PAID
LEAVES
How long ago did you
start working
in this job?
Do you
get a pay
slip for
each of
these jobs?
Do you
benefit from
paid annual
leave or from
compensatio
n instead of
it?
1. Yes
2. No
In case of incapacity
to work due to health
reasons (sickness,
invalidity, maternity),
would you benefit
from paid leave?
SICK LEAVE
Would you benefit
from paid sick
leave in case of
illness?
WOMEN 15-49
If you wished to have a baby,
would you benefit from a
maternity leave with pay?
PERMANENT
Is it a
permanent or
temporary/casu
al job?
1. Permanent
job
2. Temporary /
seasonal /
casual job.
SOCIAL
INSURANCE
Does your employer
deduct contributions
for the National
Insurance Fund?
1.Yes 2.Not Sure
3. No 4.Don't Know
SOCIAL
PROTECTION
(short version)
1. Less than 6 months
2. 6 months but less than
1 year
1.Yes
3. 1 year but less than 5 2.No
years
4. 5 years but less than
10 years
5. Ten years or more
SOCIAL PROTECTION: Extensive version
SOCIAL INSURANCE
Do you receive or are you entitled to employment
related insurance benefits?
1. Yes, from the National Insurance Fund
2. Yes from an insurance other than NIF
3. No
4. I don't know
1. Yes 2. No
3. I don't know
1. Yes
2. No
3. Do not know
1. Yes, sure 2. Possibly
3. No 4. I don't know
5. It doesn't apply
20
Additional questions
JOB SATISFACTION
All things considered,
how are you satisfied
with your job?
1.
2. Very unsatisfied,
3. Unsatisfied,
4. Moderate,
5. Satisfied,
6. Very satisfied
INCOME
How much did
you earn in this
job in the last
month?
TYPE OF
REMUNERATION
1- Fixed
monthly/weekly
salary
2- Daily or per hour
of work
3- Per job/task basis
4- Commission
5- Profit share
6- In kind payment
7- No payment
BONUSES/
ALLOWANCES
If you benefit from
additional bonuses or
allowances not
included in your
salary, how much do
you earn from it?
______ (to be converted
into a monthly value)
21
Thank you for your attention
► [email protected]
22