Transcript GEF KAM - Climate Parliament

Increasing Energy Access
while mitigating climate change
Case for Energy Efficiency
PAUL KIRAI
National Project Manager,
GEF-KAM ENERGY PROJECT - Kenya
At the e-parliament
November 2006,
Ol Tukai Lodge - Amboseli
1
Accessibility factors
Availability – scarce energy recourses,
distance,
 Cost, affordability - Prohibitive
acquisition and maintenance costs
 Awareness – Not knowing options

– Large population in Asia and sub-Sahara
Africa rely primarily on biomass fuel
2
Need for “new Power”
3
Options for increasing Energy
Access
Generate
More Energy
Improve distribution
Reduce Demand
4
Constraints to Availability
Power
sector
Inefficient Generation,
Distribution Losses – Up to 23%
End use Losses – Up to 40%
Wood
fuel Sector
Poor production efficiency 15-30%
(Uncontrolled and illegal operations)
Inefficient end use - stoves
Same for petroleum Sector
Losses
increase
contribute to scarcity and price
5
Electricity Losses
6
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
Kenya
1994
1993
1992
1991
Japan
1990
1989
1988
1987
India
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
China
1981
1980
1979
1978
900
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
Energy Consumption per GDP : MTOE/Million $
Energy
Intensity
Vs
GDP
Energy Intensity Vs GDP
United States
800
700
600
500
`
400
300
200
100
0
7
Energy Elasticity
Energy demand is 1.4 times higher than GDP growth
T o ta l F in a l E n e rg y C o n su m p tio n & G D P
Energy Elasticity = ∆tt Energy Consumption/ ∆tt GDP
4.80
A v e . En e r g y
E la s t ic it y
1 .4 : 1 .0
l o g (E n e r g y )
4.70
4.60
4.50
New Target
1 :1
or lower
4.40
4.30
4.20
4.10
3.05
3.10
3.15
3.20
3.25
3.30
3.35
3.40
3.45
3.50
3.55
l o g (G D P )
Thailand
Energy Elasticity
1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
2001
Energy-GDP
Elasticity
Avg.'85-2001
0.97
1.24
1.47
1.08
1.51
1.34
1.64
1.94 -3.50 0.47
0.58
0.97
1.07
1.40
Source : EIA,DOE, BP Statistic Review of World Energy, EGAT
8
Kenya Energy Scenario
•High Biomass Use
•Dependence on
imported petroleum
products for Industry
and Transport.
Represents close to
30 % of Kenya’s
total import bill.
Meets 90% of
commercial energy
demand
9
Kenya Energy Scenario
•Shortfall in hydro
electricity generation
resulting in increased
thermal generation Large Commercial and
industrial consume 60% of
electricity generated.
•Wastage of energy
ranges between 10%
and 30% of primary
energy input
10
Energy Saving Potential
Estimated energy saving potential in Kenya for selected subsectors
11
Introducing energy efficiency in industry
The GEF-KAM Project
.
Institutional Development and Sustainability
Financial
Mechanisms
Capacity Building
Awareness
12
Adoption in Industry
13
Where are the Energy Savings
coupled with attitude change
Technology Upgrade
14
Capacity Utilization- Drying Ovens
Flue gas @ 310 DegC
Excess air: 15-20%
Exhaust gas @ 140 DegC
Damper
The primer drier can accommodate 2 trolleys
If size is reduced, it can accommodate 3
Filters
Air
Hot air
3500
Size of the drier
11000 mm
For the present operation, only one oven
Out of 3 ovens will be sufficient
Savings in IDO: 22%
15
Fine tuning –
Boiler excess air control
Before adjustment
Steam
Pr: 7 bar. G
Air
Temp: 30 Deg C
Feed Water
Temp: 85 Deg C
Furnace oil
Temp: Above 120 degC
Flue Gases
Temp: 247 Deg C
%O2; 11.8
%CO2: 6.7
CO: 1100 ppm
Boiler no.1
3000 lbs/hr
Boiler efficiency: 75.4%
Excess air:
120%
Dry Flue gas losses: 17.8%
Moisture losses:
5.2%
Radiation losses:
2%
Blowdown losses: 0
Issues:
Very high Excess air (90-100%)
Very high flue gas temperature
Very high CO percentage
High FO temp
16
Technology Upgrade -
Waste heat recovery
Steam to process
F.O
Flue gas at 230 to 270 Deg C
Recover
Waste heat from the flue gases
• FG temp can be at 170 Deg C
• Hot water may be generated
Steam to process
•For use in process
Boiler-2 Flue gas at 230 to 270 Deg C
Savings potential:
3 TPH
1.2 million KSh per year (6%)
Steam to process
Investment: 0.6 million KSh
Pay back: 6 months
Boiler-2 Flue gas at 280 to 300 Deg C
3 TPH
Boiler-1
3 TPH
17
Practical energy savings
Energy efficiency
measures
OIL CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS
LTS/KGS PROD.
0.23
0.20
0.20
0.19
0.18
0.18
0.16
0.15
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.13
J
a
n
0
3
F
e
b
0
3
M
a
r
0
3
A
p
r
0
3
M
a
y
0
3
J
u
n
0
3
J
u
l
0
3
A
u
g
0
3
S
e
p
0
3
MONTH
Lowering of energy intensities in a textile plant in Kenya
18
“Realized” Power from GEF-KAM
Project
Energy Savings
115,000Toe or 1,198 GWh in 4yrs – worth US$22m
Represents 1/4 of annual electricity consumption or a
Equivalent to 140MW generation plant operating for 1 Yr
This available Power!!
CO2 Savings estimates
5 years
- 580,000 tonnes @ $5.50 per tonne,
15 years
- 5.27 million tonnes @US$ 0.6 per tonne
19
“New” Energy from Demand Reduction
Energy Units
25%
Time
25% reduction in energy consumption
20
Some Benefits of Energy Efficiency
 Availability
of energy at 1/3 cost of
new generation
 Lower environmental impacts
 Reduce Foreign Exchange
Expenditures
 Keep and Create Jobs
 Contribute to Poverty reduction
21
Challenges for Policy
Promoting Energy Efficiency at all levels
Making the “saved” energy available for
increasing access to energy
Managing Rebound effect (protecting the
gains)
Up-scaling to all sectors of the economy
Lack of targets, and standards

22
Policy Suggestions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Establish legislation to promote and improve
efficiency
 Generation – Set Targets (Lts/KW)
 Distribution (low losses)
 Utilization of Energy
Introduce Energy Standards and Labels
Introduce incentive schemes
Mainstream Energy Efficiency into policy and
energy policy and programmes.
Build capacity
23
Engage all stakeholders
public-private partnership
24
•Thank You
25