Transcript Laos, Vietnam & Cambodia

Laos, Vietnam & Cambodia
Laos
Long form of country name:
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Location: Southeastern Asia
northeast of Thailand, west of Vietnam
Economy overview
• The government of Laos - one of the few remaining official
Communist states - began decentralizing control and
encouraging private enterprise in 1986. The results, starting
from an extremely low base, were striking - growth averaged
6% in 1988-2004 .
• Despite this high growth rate, Laos remains a country with a
primitive infrastructure; it has no railroads, a rudimentary
road system, and limited external and internal
telecommunications.
• Subsistence agriculture accounts for half of GDP and
provides 80% of total employment.
• The economy will continue to benefit from aid from the IMF
and other international sources and from new foreign
investment in food processing and mining.
Economic figures (2004 est.)
• GDP (purchasing power parity): $11.28 billion
• GDP - real growth rate: 6%
• GDP - per capita: PPP - $1,900
• Industries: tin and gypsum mining, timber, electric
power, agricultural processing, construction, garments,
tourism
• Inflation rate (consumer prices): 12.3%
• Debt - external: $2.50 billion
GDP - composition by sector
(2004 est.):
services
23%
agriculture
49,50%
industry
27,50%
Export points (2004 est.)
• Exports: $365.5 million
• Exports - commodities: garments, wood
coffee, electricity, tin.
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Exports - partners:
Thailand - 19.3%,
Vietnam - 13.4%,
France - 8%,
Germany - 5.3%,
UK 5%.
products,
Import points (2004 est.)
• Imports: $579.5 million f.o.b.
• Imports - commodities: machinery and equipment,
vehicles, fuel, consumer goods.
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Imports - partners:
Thailand - 60.5%,
China - 10.3%,
Vietnam - 7.1%,
Singapore - 4%.
Vietnam
Long form of country name:
Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Location: Southeastern Asia,
bordering the Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of
Tonkin, and South China Sea, alongside
China, Laos, and Cambodia
Economy overview
• Vietnam is a densely-populated, developing country that in
the last 30 years has had to recover from the ravages of war,
the loss of financial support from the old Soviet Bloc, and the
rigidities of a centrally planned economy.
• Substantial progress was achieved from 1986 to 1997 in
moving forward from an extremely low level of development
and significantly reducing poverty.
• Vietnam's membership in the ASEAN Free Trade Area
(AFTA) and entry into force of the US-Vietnam Bilateral
Trade in December 2001 have led to even more rapid changes
in Vietnam's trade and economic regime.
• However, in 2004, high levels of inflation prompted
Vietnamese authorities to tighten monetary and fiscal policies.
Economic figures (2004 est.)
• GDP (purchasing power parity): $227.2 billion
• GDP - real growth rate: 7.7%
• GDP - per capita: PPP - $2,700
• Unemployment rate: 1.9%
• Inflation rate consumer prices): 9.5%
• Investment (gross fixed): 36.6% of GDP
• Industries: food processing, garments, shoes,
machine-building, mining, cement, chemical fertilizer,
glass, tires, oil, coal, steel, paper
• Debt - external: $16.55 billion
Export points (2004 est.)
• Exports: $23.72 billion f.o.b.
• Exports - commodities: crude oil, marine products,
rice, coffee, rubber, tea, garments, shoes
• Exports - partners:
• US - 20.2%,
• Japan - 13.6%,
• China - 9%,
• Australia - 7%,
• Germany - 5.9%,
• Singapore - 4.8%,
• UK - 4.6%.
Import points (2004 est.)
• Imports: $26.31 billion f.o.b.
• Imports - commodities: machinery and equipment,
petroleum products, fertilizer, steel products, raw
cotton, grain, cement, motorcycles.
• Imports - partners:
• China - 13.7%,
• Taiwan - 11.3%,
• South Korea -10.8%,
• Japan - 10.5%,
• Singapore - 10.5%,
• Thailand - 6.2%,
• Hong Kong - 4%.
GDP - composition by sector
(2004 est.):
services
38,10%
agriculture
21,80%
industry
40,10%
Cambodia
Long form of country name:
Kingdom of Cambodia
Location: Southeastern Asia,
bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between
Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos
Economy overview
• Cambodia's economy slowed dramatically in 1997 and
1998 due to the regional economic crisis, civil violence, and
political infighting, and foreign investment and tourism
decreased.
• In 1999, the first full year of peace in 30 years, the government
made progress on economic reforms. Growth resumed and
remained about 5% from 2000 to 2004.
• With the January 2005 expiration of a WTO Agreement on
Textiles and Clothing, Cambodia-based textile producers are
in direct competition with lower priced producing countries such
as China and India.
• The major economic challenge for Cambodia over the next
decade will be fashioning an economic environment in
which the private sector can create enough jobs to handle
Cambodia's demographic imbalance. More than 50% of the
population is 20 years or younger.
Economic figures (2004 est.)
• GDP (purchasing power parity): $26.99 billion
• GDP - real growth rate: 5.4%
• GDP - per capita: PPP - $2,000
• Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 75%
• Population below poverty line: 40%
• Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.1%
• Investment (gross fixed): 20.9% of GDP
• Industries: tourism, garments, rice milling, fishing,
wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem
mining, textiles
GDP - composition by sector
(2004 est.):
agriculture
35%
services
35%
industry
30%
Export points (2004 est.)
• Exports: $2.311 billion f.o.b.
• Exports - commodities: Clothing, timber, rubber, rice,
fish, tobacco, footwear
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Exports - partners:
US - 55.9%,
Germany - 11.7%,
UK - 6.9%,
Vietnam - 4.4%,
Canada - 4.2%.
Import points (2004 est.)
• Imports: $3.129 billion f.o.b.
• Imports - commodities: petroleum products, cigarettes,
gold, construction materials, machinery, motor
vehicles, pharmaceutical products
• Imports - partners:
• Thailand - 22.5%,
• Hong Kong -14.1%,
• China - 13.6%,
• Vietnam - 10.9%,
• Singapore - 10.8%,
• Taiwan - 8.4%.