Transcript China - BYU Marriott School

CHINA
Tasers
Terry Tang
Xing Ru Liu
Glenn White
Kevin Davis
Adam Lewis
Brandon Halbrook
Basic Facts
• Population – 1.31 B
• World’s fourth largest country (9.6 M sq.
miles
• Land use
– Arable land – 14.86%
– Permanent crops – 1.27%
– Other – 83.87%
• Government – Communist state
• Capital – Beijing
Random China trivia
• Despite it’s size, China falls within one
time zone
• China has 335M+ cell phones
• 15 hour time difference
• Chicken
Chinese
Dynasties
Chinese Government
• Chief of State: Hu Jintao
• Cabinet: State Council appointed by National
People’s Congress for 5 yr term
• Legislative branch: Members elected by
municipal, regional, and provincial people’s
congresses to serve 5 yr terms
• Judicial branch:
– Supreme People’s Court (appt. by NPC)
– Local People’s Court (higher, intermediate, and local
courts)
– Special People’s Court (military, maritime, and railway
transport courts)
Map of China
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Border countries: Afghanistan, Bhutan, Burma, India, Kazakhstan, North
Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan,
Vietnam
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Regional borders: Hong Kong, Macau
Natural resources
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Coal
Iron ore
Petroleum
Natural gas
Mercury
Tin
Tungsten
Antimony
Manganese
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Molybdenum
Vanadium
Magnetite
Aluminum
Lead
Zinc
Uranium
Hydropower potential
(world's largest)
Chinese Culture
People…
 China is a unified nation consisting of many different ethnic groups
 How many different ethnic groups make up the great Chinese
national family?
- 56
 Which ethnic group accounts biggest proportion? What is it?
- Han People, 96%
 Because the Han people accounts the highest, the remaining fiftyfive groups are generally referred to as
- ethnic minorities
 “Overall integration, Local concentration, Mutual interaction." - The
relation among China's ethnic groups
Medicine…
 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a history stretching back
thousands of years. TCM is an extremely rich discipline, built upon the
combined experiences of famous practitioners of past dynasties, and the
extensive body of medical writings they produced.
 what make up traditional Chinese remedies?
flower…)
- natural preparations (Herbs,
 The earliest and the famous medicine book is the “Compendium of
Materia Medica. Who wrote it and when?
1644)
- Li Shizhen during the Ming Dynasty (1368-
Medicine…
 TCM Theory:
 The Unity of Heaven and Human
 Yin-Yang Theory and Five Elements Theory
• The outside of the body is Yang, the inside is Yin; the back is Yang, the
abdomen is Yin
• Five Elements: Metal, Wood, Water, Fire and Earth. The liver and gallbladder
are Wood, the heart is Fire, the spleen and stomach are Earth, the lungs and
intestines are Metal, and the kidneys and bladder are Water.
• When Yin and Yang are out of balance, disease and disorder result. Diagnosis
relies on inspecting the complexion, smelling the breath, inquiring about
symptoms, and feeling the pulse in order to determine the overall condition of the
body.
Religion...
 China is a country with a great diversity of religions, with over 100
million followers of the various faiths.
 What is the top 3 religions?
- Buddhism, Christianity and Taoism
 When was Buddhism introduced to China? From where?
- approximately in the 1st century AD, India
 When was Taoism become a religion? By whom?
- approximately in the 2st century AD, Lao Zi
Religion...
Tibetan Buddhism:
• Buddhist doctrinal classification itself never
played any crucial role in Indian Buddhism as it did in
China so that China became the true homeland of
Buddhism all over the world
•Now China has more than 13,000 Buddhist temples
Taoism:
• Taoist ethics is primarily linked with longevity.
Longevity is a goal in Taoism, like Elysium in
Buddhism and Heaven in Christianity, etc.
• In all kinds of classic scriptures, Taoism
emphasizes that in addition to keeping away from
bad deeds and helping others, one must also be
loyal to his country, show respect to his parents,
and avoid the selfishness of human nature
Environment
Energy Issues
• Elasticity of energy consumption/GDP
growth is 1.5/1
• 80% of energy is produced from coal
• China uses more coal than America,
Europe and Japan combined
• China is attempting to build dams as
energy sources, but increased energy
demands are dampening the overall
impact
Pollution
• China on pace to become
biggest greenhouse gas
emitter by 2015
• Seven of the ten most air
polluted cities in the world
are in China
• More than two-thirds of
cities in China are well
below World Health
Organization air quality
levels
Water Issues
• Two-thirds of China’s
major cities are seriously
short of clean water, with
water quality well bellow
World Health
Organization minimum
standards
• Water pollution has
increased cancer rates
Water Shortage
• China uses 7-15 times as
much water as developed
countries per unit of GDP
• North China Plain and
surrounding arid regions
produce 40% of the
countries GDP but have
only 7.5% of the water
• Water is China is
currently underpriced
Labor
China’s Labor Market
• Population: Over 1.3 Billion
• Labor Force: 794.1 Million (2005 est.)
• Unemployment Rate: 9% official registered
unemployment in urban areas in 2004
– substantial unemployment & underemployment in
rural areas
– official Chinese journal est. unemployment (including
rural areas) for 2003:
20%
Labor Composition
• GDP (Composition per Sector)
– agriculture: 12.5%
– industry: 47.3%
– services: 40.3%
• Labor Force by Occupation
– agriculture: 49%
– industry: 22%
– services: 29%
* note: industry includes construction
Labor Shortage
• Privatization of State Owned Enterprises.
– Inadequate job growth for tens of millions of workers
laid off from state-owned enterprises, migrants, and
new entrants to the work force
• Labor surplus in rural areas
– From 100 to 150 million surplus rural workers are
adrift between the villages and the cities, many
subsisting through part-time, low-paying jobs.
Labor Shortage
• Booming coastal cities are home to the
export-oriented factories
• Shortage of skilled labor
– Technical & Management
– English Skills
• Increasing wages for skilled labor
– Lower costs in small cities, but more difficult
to get skilled labor
Labor Shortage Solutions
• Improvement of education
– Focus on technical, management, and
English skills
• Government loosening of rules that
prevent rural workers from moving to cities
• Tax breaks to overseas Chinese who
return to China
• Automation in factories
China’s Aging Workforce
One demographic consequence of the "one child" policy is
that China is now one of the most rapidly aging countries in
the world.
Projected Aging Trends
2000
POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU WEBSITE
2050
China’s Aging Workforce
• Traditionally, long-term care is
provided at home by the
children.
• 4-2-1 problem
• Declining elderly-support ratio.
– working-age adult (ages 15 - 64) per
# of elderly (age 65+)
– Projected to decline drastically, from 9
persons to 2.5 persons by 2050
China’s GDP Growth
GDP Rank
GDP Growth – First Quarter
GDP Growth
• This year’s GDP growth target is 8%.
• China’s trade surplus continues to grow briskly
too, rising to $23.3 billion in the first quarter, was
41% bigger than the surplus of January to March
last year
• Many economists have now revised their
estimates upwards.
• How difficult is “Soft Landing” in China?
GDP Growth
• China’s exchange rate policy is part of the
problem.
– Credit Growth
– In the first quarter, industrial profits rose by
21.3%, but losses by 32.3%.
• Investment grow rapidly as local
governments
– Encouraged by five-year economic plans
GDP Growth – Overheating
• There was much for the Chinese
Government to be anxious about.
– Resource-wasting investment
– Bad-Debt Burden
GDP Growth – Data & Forecast
GDP Growth – Slowdown
• On April 27th, the central bank raised interest
rates to curb the credit growth for the first time in
18 months, by 0.27%
• China's fixed-asset investment and moneysupply growth moderated slightly in August
• The M2 growth, if confirmed by official data later
this week, would represent the slowest increase
so far this year (at the end of August)
• Without a significant exchange-rate
adjustment, China's economy is destined
to become "more and more imbalanced,"
---Merrill Lynch
Questions?
问题?