Transcript Some more notes for the final

Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
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FACTS OF THE CASE:
On May 23, 1957, police officers in near Cleveland,
Ohio received information that a suspect in a
bombing case, as well as some illegal betting
equipment, might be found in the home of Dollree
Mapp.
Three officers went to the home and asked for
permission to enter, but Mapp refused to admit
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them without a search warrant. Two officers left,
and one remained.
Three hours later, the two returned with several
other officers. Brandishing a piece of paper, they
broke in the door. Mapp asked to see the
“warrant” and took it from an officer, putting it in
her dress.
The officers struggled with Mapp and took the
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piece of paper away from her. They handcuffed
her for being “belligerent.”
Police found neither the bombing suspect nor the
betting equipment during their search, but they
did discover some pornographic material in a
suitcase by Mapp's bed. Mapp said that she had
loaned the suitcase to a boarder at one time and •
that the contents were not her property.
She was arrested, prosecuted, found guilty, and
sentenced for possession of pornographic
material. No search warrant was introduced as
evidence at her trial.
QUESTION: Were the confiscated
materials protected by the First
Amendment? (May evidence obtained
through a search in violation of the
Fourth Amendment be admitted in a
state criminal proceeding?)
DECISION: The Court brushed aside the
First Amendment issue and declared
that "all evidence obtained by searches
and seizures in violation of the
Constitution is inadmissible in a state
court."
It placed the requirement of excluding
illegally obtained evidence from court at
all levels of the government. The
decision is called the exclusionary rule.
Citizenship in the USA
• A person is automatically
considered a U.S. Citizen if:
– You are born in the USA
– You are born in another
country to parents who are
US citizens
– You are born in another
country to one parent who
was a US citizen and both
parents were married when
you were born
• A person can
become a U.S.
Citizen through
a process called
Naturalization
De Jure Segregation
• From the Latin meaning “from the law”
• Segregation of the races based on laws.
• EX: Jim Crow Laws
De Facto Segregation
• From the Latin meaning “in fact”
• Segregation based on customs, not based in
law
• EX: When one neighborhood is considered a
“black” neighborhood and another is a
“white” one.
President Woodrow Wilson
• Even though he didn’t think women should
have the right to vote at first he finally
supported it due, in part, to Alice Paul’s
treatment in the Occoquan Workhouse.
• PUBLICLY, the reason he gave was that they
should get the right to vote due to THEIR
EFFORTS AND COMMITMENT DURING WORLD
WAR I
Native Americans
• Granted citizenship in 1924
• Not given full suffrage rights in all states until
1944
Inflation
• When we are experiencing Inflation prices on
goods and services will rise/go up.
Things you are guaranteed in a
Command Economic System
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A place to live
A job
Schooling/job training
Healthcare
That your minimum basic needs are met by
the government
The budget deficit will increase
dramatically
• If we continue to increase government
spending
• BUT we decrease the amount of money the
government collects in taxes
9/11
• The events of 9/11 caused dramatic increases
in the amounts we have spent on National
Defense
Items not in GDP
• Second hand sales and the “black market” are
never included in the GDP
• The reason for this is Second Hand sales have
already been accounted for when they were
sold the first time (EX: Used Cars)
• The “Black Market” is not included because
the items sold are illegal
GDP
• When GDP expands the economy goes
up/does better