Transcript APHG Economic Development 2014

Aim: to what extent
does (economic)
development vary
amongst countries?
APHG Development
Economies of the World
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Primary:
Secondary:
Tertiary:
Quaternary:
Quinary:
But… Australian definition
and ….
Quaternary Sector
The quaternary sector of the economy consists of
intellectual activities. Activities associated with this
sector include government, culture, libraries, scientific
research, education, and information technology.
Quinary Sector
Some consider there to be a branch of the quaternary
sector called the quinary sector, which includes the
highest levels of decision making in a society or economy.
This sector would include the top executives or officials
in such fields as government, science, universities,
nonprofit, healthcare, culture, and the media
Economic Development Regions
• MDCs (More Developed Countries)
• LDCs (Less Developed Countries)
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VOCABULARY
Cold War
First World Countries
Second World Countries
Third World Countries
Non-Aligned Countries
BRIC(S) Countries
(Asian) Tigers
“East” vs. “West”
“Western”
What?
Asian Tigers
What Does Developed Mean?
• GDP, GNP, and GNI?
• Per Capita Income?
• Industry?
• Life Expectancy?
• Education?
• Happiness?
What
factors are
considered?
GDP, GNP, and GNI
• GDP = value of all goods and services
produced within a country, within an
economy over course of one year.
• GNP = GDP + NR (income inflow
from foreign assets) – NP (net income
outflow to foreign assets)
• GNI = GNP
HDI
• HDI (Human Development
Index)
UN attempt
to answer
• Economic (income)
the
question.
• Social (education)
• Demographic (life expectancy)
Economic
How do you
determine
income and
wealth?
• GDP
• Per Capita Income
• Primary (farming, fishing, mining)
• Secondary (manufacturing)
• Tertiary (services)
Social
• Education
Not all are
• Literacy
included
• Human Rights
in the HDI
• Women’s Rights
• Freedom of Speech
• Etc. etc.
• Happiness Index* Cadillac poolside commercial
Demographic
• Life Expectancy
Where?
and
Why?
GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
GDP Per Capita
Per Capita GNI (Gross National Income)
Not per capita . Note the differences.
Exchange Rates as of 4/4/14
Value of foreign currencies in US dollars
L
Can$
E
Au$
Y
1.65862
0.91032
1.37131
0.92989
0.009639
Changes on a daily
basis and is NOT a
reflection of HDI.
More accurately
correlates to GDP
and perceived
flexibility and
stability of the
currency.
Economic Core - Periphery
BRIC Countries
World Systems Theory
What types of
economies tend to
dominate in the three
world economy regions?
World Systems Theory
The modern world system is distinguished from
(older) empires by its reliance on economic control
of the world order by a dominating capitalist
center in systemic economic and political relation
to peripheral and semi peripheral world areas.
Wallerstein rejects the notion of a "Third World", claiming there is only
one world connected by a complex network of economic exchange
relationships — i.e., a "world-economy" or "world-system" in which the
"dichotomy of capital and labor" and the endless "accumulation of
capital" by competing agents (historically including but not limited to
nation-states) account for frictions.
BTW: Wallerstein is an American
sociologist born in NYC in 1930.
Life Expectancy
Gender Equality and Education
Aim: to what extent
does economic
development have an
impact on human
migration?
(Not taking love of country
and immediate family into
account etc.)
Where would you choose
to live if you were to
emigrate from the USA?
Why?
HDI
Aim: to what extent is
Rostow’s Model an
accurate representation
of worldwide economic
development?
Rostow’s Model
MDCs and LDCs
Notice the Connection?
Going Back to the
Cold War…
st
1 ,
nd
2 ,
rd
3
World
Willie
Brandt
This map is still a vestige
of the Cold War
In the beginning…
The “West”
Western Civ., Western
The “West” dominates the World
Aim: to what extent is
economic development
evenly spread amongst
the geographic area of
various individual
countries?
USA
GDP by State
Regional GDP
Per Capita Income
% Living in Poverty
Regional European GDP
Aim: how and why
does development
vary amongst
countries?
Country Development
• Identify and associate at least
one country, territory, “place,”
and or region with each of
Rostow’s stages of economic
development.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_care_in_Canada