Transcript Creative Industry/Arts and Culture Statistics

Creative industry/Arts and culture Statistics
Presentation to Portfolio committee of Art & Culture
Pali Lehohla
Statistician General
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Outline
• Definition of culture
• UNESCO Framework for cultural statistics
• Measuring the economic dimension
• Measuring the economic dimension
• Measuring cultural employment
• Measuring the social dimension
• Conclusion and way forward
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Definition of culture
UNESCO defines culture as the set of distinctive;
• Spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional
features of society or a social group, that
encompasses, not only art and literature, but
lifestyles, ways of living together, value
systems, traditions and beliefs (UNESCO, 2001).
• It is not always possible to measure such beliefs and values
directly.
• However, it is possible to measure associated behaviours
and practices
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UNESCO Framework for Cultural
Statistics
•
The Framework for Cultural Statistics defines
culture through the identification and
measurement of the behaviours and
practices resulting from the beliefs and
values of a society or a social group
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UNESCO Framework for Cultural
Statistics (FCS)-2009
The Cultural Domains defined in FCS represent a common
set of
• Economic (such as the production of goods and services)
• Social (such as participation in culture activities) activities
that traditionally have been regarded as being “cultural”.
In addition, Related Domains consist of other economic and
social activities that may be considered “partially cultural” or
that are more often regarded as being “recreational or
leisure” rather than “purely cultural”.
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Defining culture for statistical purposes
In order for the FCS to arrive at a definition of culture for
statistical purposes, two main aspects were considered
• Concept of the “Cultural Domain
This may begin with a number of industries (commonly
termed collectively as cultural industries)
Secondly a domain can also include all cultural activity
under the appropriate heading, including informal and
social activities
• For example, cinema statistics can include attendance at
commercial cinemas and commercial film production, but
they can also include home movie production and viewing
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FCS Cultural domains
A) Cultural and Natural Heritage;
B) Performance and Celebration;
C) Visual Arts and Crafts;
D) Books and Press;
E) Audio-visual and Interactive Media; and
F) Design and Creative Services
Intangible Cultural Heritage (transversal domain)
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Defining culture for statistical purposes
• Creative-Cultural debate:
The definition and measurement of creativity is in itself
subject to much debate. Creative industries usually cover
a broader scope than traditional artistic domains with the
inclusion, for example, of all ICT industries or research
and development.
The framework addresses this issue by allowing the
inclusion of some specific creative industries (design and
advertising) as a separate domain.
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Defining culture for statistical purposes
• The challenge for a robust and sustainable cultural
statistical framework is to cover the contributory processes
that enable culture to be created, distributed, received,
used, critiqued, understood and preserved.
• Activities in the entire culture cycle should be measured
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CREATION
CONSUMPTION /
PARTICIPATION
EXHIBITION/RECEPTION/
TRANSMISSION
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PRODUCTION
DISSEMINATION
Culture statistics: Measuring the
economic dimension
• Administrative data and sample surveys (can be used to
produce cultural data that can help to measure the
contribution of culture to the national economy in terms of;
• GDP
• Trends in both cultural employment and cultural
consumption
• However, this has not been done yet in Stats SA but
consultations started last year (NSSD, DTI, and Arts and
Culture)
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Culture statistics: Measuring the
economic dimension
• Data are typically collected from business and enterprise
surveys, household expenditure surveys, business
registers, earnings surveys, labour force surveys; and
censuses.
• While these data collection instruments may not have
been designed specifically for the collection of cultural
information, they nonetheless can allow for an analysis of
selected cultural and related activities.
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Culture statistics: Measuring the
economic dimension
• The following international classifications can be used to
measure different aspects of culture
i) International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC 4)
– for the identification of cultural productive activities or
industries
ii) Central Product Classification (CPC 2)
– for the identification of cultural goods and services
iii) Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System 2007
(HS 2007) and the Extended Balance of Payments (EBOPS)
– for the identification of international trade of cultural
goods and services;
iv) International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO 08)
– for the identification of cultural occupations
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Culture statistics: Measuring the
economic dimension
• Another widely used economic model is the System of
National Accounts (SNA).
SNA is compatible with ISIC and CPC and in addition, it uses the
following classifications
• Classifications of Expenditure According to Purpose Classifications of
the Functions of the Government (COFOG)
• Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose (COICOP)
• the Classification of the Purposes of Non-profit Institutions Serving
Households (COPNI).
•
However, it should be noted that evaluating culture only with the codes or SNA data
would result in an underestimation of the contribution of culture in the economy.
This is one of the reasons why several countries such as Chile and Colombia, have
started to develop Cultural Satellite Accounts.
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Measuring cultural employment using
SIC and SASCO
• In order to define cultural employment, it is necessary to
include both the occupations in cultural industries and the
cultural occupations in non-cultural industries, such as
design activities
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Cultural employment
Type of
occupation
Cultural
Type of activity (industry)
Cultural
Non-cultural
Total
44
490
534
Non-cultural
197
14 295
14 492
Total
242
14 785
15 027
• The green cells constitutes the cultural employment which is 731 000
• It should be noted that StatsSA has not implemented ISIC rev4 so
these figures do not include some activities which cannot be isolated
from the current coding classification
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Culture statistics: Measuring the Social
dimension
• The social aspect of culture cannot always be measured
very easily.
• However, a few commonly accepted statistical standards do exist that
can be used to measure the social dimension of culture
• Household and time use surveys are a main source of data on
cultural participation
Cultural participation
• Cultural participation includes cultural practices that may involve
consumption as well as activities that are undertaken within the
community, reflecting quality of life, traditions and beliefs.
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Culture statistics: Measuring the Social
dimension a time use perspective
Number of respondents who engaged in cultural activity and mean minutes per day spent on that
activity by sex (10 years and above)
Domain
Code
A. Cultural and Natural Heritage
870
Description
Spectator to sports, exhibitions/museums,
cinema/theatre/concerts and other
performances and events
840
Participating in cultural activities, weddings,
funerals, births, and other celebrations
Arts, making music, hobbies and related
courses
C. Visual arts and craft
330
Making and selling textile, leather and
related craft: weaving, knitting, sewing,
shoemaking, tanning, products of wood
D. Books and press
910
950
Reading
Visiting library
B. Performance and celebration
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810
Thousand Minutes
399
126
1 174
128
329
86
403
121
2994
171
69
37
Culture statistics: Measuring the Social
dimension
Number of respondents who engaged in cultural activity and mean minutes per day spent on that
activity by sex (10 years and above)
Domain
Code
880
680
980
H. Sports and
Recreation
840
850
860
870
890
Description
Travel related to social, cultural and recreational
activities
Thousand
Minutes
11 253
68
Travel related to community services
Travel related to mass media use and
entertainment
453
58
241
39
Arts, making music, hobbies and related courses
Indoor and outdoor sports participation and
related courses
Games & other pastimes
Spectator to sports, exhibitions/museums,
cinema/theatre/concerts and other performances
and events
Social, cultural and recreational activities not
elsewhere classified
329
86
2 481
5 156
109
147
399
126
231
97
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Culture statistics: Measuring the Social
dimension
Domain
Code
620
Description
Community organised work: cooking for collective
celebrations, etc
Thousand Minutes
157
108
2137
34
391
121
198
165
5533
15 150
13 247
106
105
110
1 038
90
603
92
060
Individual religious practices and meditation
650
674
820
831
832
833
Education
730
Participation in meetings of local and informal
groups/caste, tribes, professional associations,
union, political and similar organisations
Other informal help to other households
Participating in religious activities: religious
services, practices, rehearsals, etc
Socialising with family
Socialising with non-family
Socialising with both family & non-family
Additional study, non-formal education and
courses during free time
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Impact of creative
industries/arts and culture
in economic growth and job
creation
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Economic
data
Contribution of industries to South Africa’s economy
Based on Standard Industrial Classification
8
Finance
21%
9
Government
17%
7
Transport
10%
6
Trade
15%
3
Manufacturing
13%
2
Mining
8%
9
Personal
6%
5
Construction
4%
4
Electricity
4%
1
Agriculture
3%
Breakdown of personal services industry
Based on Standard Industrial Classification
92 Education
93 Health & social work
9
Personal
6%
94 Other personal services
95 Activities of membership organisations
96 Recreational; cultural and sporting activities
R8,0 billion
0,25%
contribution to the
economy
(2013)
Contribution of recreational; cultural and sporting activities over time
Employment
data
The QLFS is the
principal vehicle for
collecting current
labour market
information
Quarterly Labour Force Survey
is a quarterly continuous household survey
Employed
It measures the three
components of the
labour market
Unemployed
Not economically active
It also measures related aspects of the labour market
•
•
•
•
•
Industry
Occupation
Sector
Hours of work
Discouraged work-seekers and reasons for such etc
Quarterly Labour Force Survey
Data collection
Representative sample
of 32 000 dwelling units
across the country was
visited
Detailed information collected from over 60 000
adults of working age (15–64 years)
Face-to-face interviews conducted for each
household visited
Breakdown of Community, social and personal
services industry
Based on Standard Industrial Classification
91 Public administration
Community
,social and
personal
services
industry
(Services)
92 Education
93 Health & social work
94 Other personal services
95 Activities of membership organisations
96 Recreational; cultural and sporting activities
158 000 employed (2014)
4,3% contribution to the services employment
1,0% contribution to total employment
Recreational, cultural and sporting activities
Contribution of recreational, cultural and sporting activities to employment
Contribution to
services was at 5,7%
during 2008 and has
remained virtually
unchanged at around
4,3% since 2009.
Contribution to total
employment
decreased from 1,1%
in 2008 to 1,0% in
2009 and has
remained constant at
this level.
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Employed in the recreational, cultural and sporting activities
Total
Radiol/TV
News agency
Library/archives
Sports
180000
160000
158000
150000
140000
Breakdown of
services by subindustries
120000
100000
86000
80000
60000
40000
20000
62000
42000
28000
26000
23000
22000
18000
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Changes in employment in recreational, cultural and sporting activities
Total
Radio/TV
News agency
Library/archives
Sports
2009
-33 000
-4 000
-4 000
-2 000
-23 000
2010
2 000
12 000
0
2 000
-11 000
2011
3 000
6 000
-1 000
-4 000
3 000
2012
12 000
-8 000
4 000
3 000
14 000
2013
5 000
6 000
0
5 000
-6 000
2014
2 000
3 000
7 000
-7 000
-1 000
Employed in the recreational, cultural and sporting
activities
More people were
employed in sport
and other
recreational
activities over the
period 2008-2014,
although this
decreased from
54,7% in 2008 to
41,5% in 2014.
Employed in the recreational, cultural and sporting
activities by sex, Q2:2015
A larger proportion of men than women were employed in radio/TV.
Most women were employed in sports and other recreational activities
Employed in the recreational, cultural and sporting
activities by age, Q2:2015
A larger proportion
of adults compared
to youth were
employed in news
agencies.
A larger proportion
of youth were
employed in sports
activities
Employed in the recreational, cultural and sporting
activities by population group, Q2:2015
Blacks Africans,
coloured and whites
are mostly employed
in sports activities
while Indians are
mostly employed in
radio/TV.
A greater proportion
of whites employed
in news agencies
than any other
population group
Employed in the recreational, cultural and sporting
activities by education level, Q2:2015
A greater proportion
(61,4%) of persons
with education level
below matric were
employed in sports
activities.
More than half of
those with tertiary
education were
employed in
radio/TV.
Employed in the recreational, cultural and sporting
activities by province, Q2:2015
A larger proportion of
employment in most
provinces was in
sport activities, while
the lowest was in
news agencies.
Employment in
library/archives was
prominent in most
provinces.
Percentage of the employed in the recreational,
cultural and sporting activities by skill level, Q2:2015
Skilled people are
mostly employed in
radio/TV and news
agencies. While semiskilled and low skilled
are mostly employed
in sport activities.
People employed in
news agencies are
mostly skilled.
Highlights
0,25%
Contribution to GDP
• Contribution to GDP was 0,25% to the economy (i.e. R8 billion
in 2013)
1,0%
Contribution to employment
• Contribution to total employment decreased from 1,1% in
2008 to 1,0% in 2009 and has remained constant at this level.
4,3%
• Contribution to services was at 5,7% during 2008 and has
remained virtually unchanged at around 4,3% since 2009.
Who is more likely to be employed:
• Men are more likely to be employed in radio/TV, while women
are more likely to be employed in sports and other recreational
activities.
• Adults (35-64 yrs) are more likely to be employed in
library/archives and news agencies.
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Highlights
Who is more likely to be employed:
• Blacks Africans, coloured and whites are mostly employed in sporting
activities while Indians are mostly employed radio/TV. Whites are more
likely to be employed in news agencies than any other population
group.
• A greater proportion (61,4%) of persons with education level below
matric were employed in sports activities. More than half of those
with tertiary education were employed in radio/TV.
• Large proportions of persons employed in sport activities in most
provinces. GP (41,0%) employs more people in radio/TV than any
other province.
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Conclusion and way forward
•
Statistics South Africa has not yet developed
an integrated framework for cultural
statistics production
•
Statistics South Africa should domesticate
the UNESCO framework for cultural statistics
in consultations with relevant stakeholders
Consultations had started with DTI and Arts and
culture
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Thank You
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