Commercial Diplomacy Programme
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Commercial Diplomacy
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NEGOTIATIONS ON
SERVICES
General Features:
Trade in Services
Importance of Services in the Global
Economy :
Technological advances have served to
change the provision of services as well as
the perception of the services sector as a
whole
Growing importance of services for
economic growth:
Chart 1: Services as percentage of GDP.
Economic Importance of Services
Mayor contributor to GDP and employment in all
developing countries, approximating indicators of
developed countries
50-70 per cent of GDP
60-80 per cent of employment
Importance of assessing the structure and dynamic of
services in developing countries:
- growth of traditional activities (retail, restaurants, repair
shops, tourism, personal services)
- growth of the “informal economy”
- weight of government tends to overestimate economic
significance. (Brazil 16% GDP)
Services as percentage of GDP.
% of GDP
services as percentage of GDP in 2000
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
G
32.4
29.8
29
32
35.7
32
29
20
64.3
68
70.9
80
66.8
67.6
70.2
71
68
33.2
m
er
y
an
U
K
C
a
d
a
an
M
o
ix c
e
services
C
a
ih n
B
il
z
ra
n
a
p
Ja
industry and agriculture
Fr
e
c
an
A
U
S
Growing importance of
services for employment
Key services industries
The provision of services such as insurance,
information technology, accountancy and research
has an impact on economic competitiveness
through interaction with industrial activities and
other services.
Increasing Importance of International Trade in
Services
Growing importance of
services for employment
68
71
75
Fr
an
industry and agriculture
US
A
53
ce
25
pa
a
Ch
in
M
ex
services
27
29
Ja
56
32
n
73
47
il
74
ico
74
44
Br
az
26
da
m
an
y
64
26
Ca
na
36
UK
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Ge
r
% of total employment
employment in services. 2000 estimates
Increasing Importance of
International Trade in Services
growth in international trade in services by region.
1990-2001
9%
8%
8%
7%
6%
6%
6%
5%
5%
Western
Europe
Africa
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
North
America
Latin
America
Asia
Increasing Contribution of
Services to World Trade
% of GDP
services as a proportion of world trade in 1980
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
59
42
39 41
27 25
37
36
25
16
16
4
services
manufactures
low income
industry
middle income
agriculture
high income
Leading Services Traders:
A Comparison of Developed,
Developing & Transitional
Economies
leading service traders in 2001
3.70%
24.10%
72.10%
market economy countries
Eastern Europe countries
developing countries
Leading Service Exporters. A
comparison of various countries
leading service exporters in 2001. in percentage of world
export of services
18.1
2
ap
ur
1.8
Si
ng
re
a
a
hi
n
C
g
Ko
n
on
g
H
2.3
C
ly
Ja
2.9
Ko
3.9
Ita
pa
n
y
4.4
hi
na
5.5
m
an
ce
5.5
Fr
an
K
U
U
SA
7.4
G
er
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Leading Service Importers
leading service importers in 2001. in percentage
of world imports of services
13
9.2
6.3
Ch
Ko
n
Ho
ng
1.6
ia
ina
1.7
g
Ko
re
a
2.3
In
d
2.7
a
ly
3.9
Ita
ce
Fr
an
UK
n
pa
Ja
Ge
r
m
an
y
4.3
Ch
in
7.4
US
A
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Structure of Service Exports
Shift towards Telecommunications,
Computing Services and Information
structure of service exports in 1980
% of total
50
40
30
35
29
34
39
36
33 30
30
24
20
10
2
5
3
0
transport
travel
low income
communication,
computer
information etc.
middle income
insurance and
financial
services
high income
Structure of Service Exports
structure of service exports in 2000
44.5
% of total
50
40
30
20
32.6
23.823.2
18.8
29.7
46
41.6
29.8
10
2.6 2
5.5
0
transport
travel
low income
communication,
computer
information etc.
middle income
insurance and
financial
services
high income
Role of Services in Trade and
Development
Basic economic infrastructure required for systemic
competitiveness, and overall welfare. [education, health,
energy, sanitation, transport, telecom, financial services]
“Producer services” content in goods, and in other services
increasingly generate a higher proportion of value added:
externalisation of supply as a source of sectoral dynamism
and specialization, services efficiency a source of
competitiveness
Logistic chains as a source of overall trade
competitiveness: [ports, airports, transport services,
telecom, information services, distribution networks]
Trade of integrated packages of goods and services (high
technology products) every day more important.
Services are increasingly tradable in themselves:
Key Analytical Questions
Are services performing adequately their role in trade and
development?
- national assessment of services and trade in services
What strategies and policies should be implemented to
enhance services contribution to trade and development?
- definition of national and sectoral development policies
What role could international agreements, multilateral,
regional and bilateral, play in supporting national
developmental policies in the services sector?
- definition of negotiating strategies and positions on the
basis of national developmental policies safeguarding
required policy spaces.
National Assessment of Services
Statistical requirements: National Accounts
and Balance of Payments.
Sectoral Analysis of domestic supply,
market dynamism, trade, competitiveness,
and regulatory framework
Participation of stakeholders in assessment
National Developmental Policies
Policy options are within a continuum ranging
from protection, through “infant industry
promotion” (active public policies) to full
liberalization (market reliance).
There is no “one size fits all” policy. It has to be
defined by sector in the light of developmental,
social and cultural objectives
National policies and objectives are expressed
through the regulatory framework and by
established limitations to market access and
national treatment