Transcript Presentation

Application of the DOI for
Policy Development
June. 2006
C. M. Cho
[email protected]
Contents
I. Benchmarking of Other Indices
II. Review of the DOI
III. Development of the Policy Tool
Benchmarking of Other Indices
Network Readiness Index
Global Information Technology Report - WEF, INSEAD
Network Readiness Index
Environment
- market
- policy & regulatory
Readiness
- individuals
- business
Usage
- individuals
- business
- infrastructure
- government
- government
 9 sub-indexes, based on 48 indicators (survey and public data),
produce rankings for 102 countries, 2002-3
Monitoring the digital divide
Monitoring the Digital Divide - ORBICOM
INFOSTATE
 Infodensity (ICT stocks)
- Network
Main telephone lines per 1,000 persons
Cellular subscribers per 1,000 persons
- Skill
Adult literacy rates
Gross enrollment ratios
 Info-use (flows of ICTs)
- ICT uptake
Radio per 1,000 persons
Proportion of households with TV
Proportion of households with cable or
satellite connections
Computer per 1,000 persons
Internet users per 1,000 persons
- ICT intensity of use
International outgoing telephone traffic
per inhabitant
ICT spending as % of GDP
 4 components, based on 21 indicators (public data),
produce time-series for 139-192 countries, 1996-2001
Digital Access Index
The Digital Access Index - ITU
DAI
Infrastructure
Affordability
Usage
Quality
Knowledge
Infrastructure : Fixed telephone and mobile cellular subscribers
Affordability : Internet access price
Usage : Internet users
Quality : Broadband subscribers, international internet bandwidth
Knowledge : Literacy, school enrollment
 4 components, based on 8 indicators (public data),
produce rankings for 178 countries, 2002
ICT Development Indices
ICT Development Indices - UNCTAD
ICT DIFFUSION
Connectivity
Policy
Access
Connectivity : Internet hosts per capita, number of PCs per
capita, telephone mainlines per capita, cellular subscribers per
capita
Access : Internet users per capita, Literacy, GDP per capita,
Cost of a local call
Policy : Presence of internet exchange, competition in local loop
telecoms, competition in domestic long distance, competition in
ISP market
 3 components, based on 22 indicators (public data),
produce rankings for 166-200 countries, 1999-2001
Information Society Index
Information Society Index - IDC
Information Society Index
Computer
Telecom
Internet
Social
Computer : PCs per household, IT spending/GDP, IT
service/GDP, Packaged software/Total IT
Telecom : Broadband Households, Wireless subscribers,
Handset Spending /GDP
Internet : Internet users, Mobile internet users, home internet
users, e-commerce spending
Social : Secondary Education Enrollment, Tertiary education
enrollment, Civil liberties, Corruption index
 4 components, 15 indicators (survey, unpublished data),
produce rankings for 52countries, 2000 to 2008
Summary of Existing Indices
Summary of Indices
Countries
Indicators
Years
WEF- e-readiness index
102
48
2002-3
Orbicom-Monitoring the
digital divide
139-192
21
19962001
ITU- Digital Access Index
178
8
2002
IDC- Information Society
Index
53
15
20002008
UNCTAD- ICT Development
Indices
166-200
12
19992001
Evaluation of existing Indices
Two many indicators
- 48 indicators in e-readiness index
Outdated indicators
- Radio and TV in Infostate
Subjective or Unpublished indicators
- Using opinion survey date in e-readiness index
- Using unpublished date in ISI
Not relevant
-GDP per Capita(ICT Development Indices)
- Literacy, School enrollment (DAI, ICT Development
Indices)
Review of the DOI
Idea Structure of the DOI
Category
Sub-Category
Usage Level
Utilization
Internet usage Quality of usage
Bandwidth
Telephone usage
Opportunity
nfrastructure
Affordability
Ability
Digital literacy
Accessibility
Coverage
Affordability of Geographic coverage
tel service
of tel service
Accessibility for
the
handicapped
Network
Device
Tele-density
Internet-density
Computer
Hand held device
Infrastructure
Network
 Proportion of households with a fixed lines telephone
 Mobile cellular subscribers per 100 inhabitants
 Proportion of households with Internet access at home
 Mobile Internet subscribers per 100 inhabitants
Device
수신 차단 방안 강구
 Proportion of households with a computer
Opportunity
Affordability
 Mobile cellular tariff as a % of per capita income
 Fixed telephony tariff as a % of per capita income
 Internet access tariff as a % of per capita income
Coverage
수신
차단 방안
강구 cellular telephony
 % of population
covered
by mobile
 Number of telecenter per 1,000 persons
 % of population covered by fixed telephony
 % of population covered by internet service
Accessibility
수신 차단 방안
강구
 Existence of guideline
or regulation
for the
accessibility of the people with disabilities
Utilization
Usage
 Fixed Internet users per 100 inhabitants
 Mobile Internet users per 100 inhabitants
 Fixed telephony users per 100 inhabitants
 Mobile telephony users per 100 inhabitants
Quality
 Ratio of (fixed) broadband internet subscribers to
total Internet subscribers
 Ratio of (mobile) broadband internet subscribers to
total mobile Internet subscribers
Ability
차단per
방안
강구
 Rate of digital수신
literate
100
inhabitants
Special Features of the DOI
Household focused
- Internet and PC are shared by members of household
Opportunity related Indicators
- Coverage, Affordability, Accessibility
Transparency
- Only objective indicator
Simple
- Possible to include as many nations as possible
New technology oriented
- Delete radio and TV, while focusing Broadband
-9-
Development of Policy Tool
based on the DOI
Policy Tool based on single variable analysis
First Stage : Grouping Countries into Certain Types
- Make distribution chart of all six indicators
(network, device, affordability, coverage, usage,
quality
- Categorizing all countries into certain types
(High, Middle, Low or High, Low)
For instance, scoring .5 or above is high
scoring .2 to .5 is middle
scoring .2 or less is low
- Method for categorizing
.2 and .5 should not be decided not by allotting
equal number of cases to the groups,
rather .2 or .5 should have a real meaning
Policy Tool based on single variable analysis
Hypothetical Distribution Chart of Network
Number of Countries
Low
High
Middle
0.2
0.5
Network
Policy Tool based on Single Variable Analysis
Second Stage : Suggestion of Policy Tips
- Identify policy issues for particular indicators
(Network, Device, Affordability, Coverage, Usage, and Quality)
- Sort policy issues and develop policy tips by certain
types(Low, Middle, High)
- Repeat this process for all 6 indicators
- While considering common characteristics of each
group(high, middle, low)
Demographic factors : Size of Pop., Pop. density,
Geographic factors : Size of Territory
Economic factors : GDP, Economic growth rate
Social factors : Literacy rate, rate of school enrollment
Summary Table of Policy Suggestion
Network
Device
Affordability
Coverage
Usage
Quality
High
Middle
Low
Policy Tool based on Multivariate Analysis
Why Multivariate Analysis
- Possible to make more detail grouping by multidimension analysis
e. g. good in network but poor in device,
good affordability but poor coverage
- More accurate and customized policy suggestion
1st Stage:Analysis of Relationship between Indicators
- Calculate the magnitude of relationships of all 15
possible pairs between six indicators
(e.g. network – device, network – affordability
Network – coverage, affordability – coverage)
- Compare and analyze the relationships
Policy Tool based on Multivariate Analysis
2nd Stage
- Identify meaningful combination between
indicators after careful review of the relationships of
indicators
- Suggest customized policy tips for the countries of
certain types by using method like Delphi Method
Policy Suggestion based on Multivariate Analysis
High
Low
Affordability
Low
High
Coverage
Refinement and Modification of Policy Guideline
Follow up of Policy Tool
- Conduct case study to apply suggested policy tools
- Continuous modification and refinement of Guideline
not only policy tips but also grouping of countries
Thank you
감사합니다