Transcript Diapositiva 1

Paola Maccani
Head
Local Development Initiatives
INNOVATION IN TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIES AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT
Budapest, 24th March 2004
Emilia-Romagna. Some Indicators
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Population
4.059.416
Total labour force
Total unemployment rate
Female labour force
53,4%
3,3%
42,9%
Female unemployment rate 5,3%
GDP per head (€)
30.038
Employees in the
manufacturing industry
645,648
Manufacturing local units 94.817
Manufacturing av. size
Firms with less than 50 empl.
6,8
59,8% (1996)
2002
Emilia Romagna positioning
European regions ranked for GDP per-head decreasing (class. Nuts 1) 2000
1
Bruxelles-capital Region
GDP
(Meuro)
47.233,90
2
Luxembourg
19.317,50
43.803,90
194,00
3
4
5
6
7
Hamburg
Ile de France
London
Bremen
Aland
69.443,10
391.147,40
241.309,50
21,144,00
810,33
40.737,30
35.509,00
32.982,60
31.718,40
31.507,70
180,4
157,3
146,1
140,5
139,6
8
Lombardia
282.097,90
31.118,30
137,8
9
Emilia-Romagna
119.506,10
30.038,50
133,1
10
Hessen
175.378,80
28.981,60
128,4
Source: Eurostat Archivio Regio
GDP
per head
49.331,80
Europe=100
218,5
Strengths
 Productive systems well consolidated, dynamic and
renowned at international level (mechanical engineering,
packaging …) (ER)
 Territorial specialization of the work force( ER)
 Significant presence of well equipped business parks in a
growing phase (EA)
 Presence of Universities, Research and Innovation Centres
(ER)
 Variety of environmental resources and presence of several
natural areas (MA)
 Centres of tourist attraction with a growing potential (ER,
cities, EA, coast; MA (sport …)
 Widespread presence of primary as well as of minor historic
and cultural assets (ER, MA, EA)
ER = Emilia Road
MA = Mountain Area
EA = Eastern Area
Challenging Aspects
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Enhancement of brain circulation
Saturation of industrial areas (ER)
Links between companies and Research System (EA, MA)
Sustainability of mature products exposed to globalisation and
competition (ER)
Local productive system not much related to large companies
(EA, MA)
Limited diffusion of “networks of companies” (EA, MA)
Inadequate integration of the tourism industry among the coast,
the art cities and the mountain eastern areas (EA, MA)
Critical environmental situation mainly in areas where the
chemical industry is located (ER, EA)
Zones characterized by a strong hydro-geologic instability (MA)
Difficulties to have access to services (public, business, etc.)
(MA)
Depopulation, ageing population (MA)
Entrepreneurial fabric with elements of fragility (EA, MA)
ER = Emilia Road
MA = Mountain Area
EA = Eastern Area
Historical roots
a) PARTICULAR POLITICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL SETTING:
 Regional governments had been established in Italy just
a few years ago, devolving them powers in the fields of
vocational training, agriculture and artisan production,
with the exception of SMEs sector.
 The role of employers’ and trade associations, Chamber
of Commerce and Trade Unions has been growing in
influence, affecting the local policy making.
 The competition between national and regional model of
government has encouraged innovative policies.
b) PARTICULAR ECONOMIC CONDITIONS:
 The crisis of large industry and, on the other hand, the
growth of small businesses
Emilia-Romagna: industrial districts
Farm machinery
Machine tools
Textile-clothing industry
Biomedical
products
PIACENZA
Shoes
PARMA
FERRARA
Agro-food
REGGIO EMILIA
RAVENNA
MODENA
Food
processing
Ceramic products
and machines for
ceramic industry
Upholstered
furniture
BOLOGNA
FORLI’
RIMINI
Wood –processing machines
The policy of 80s
Policy of “Real services”
Based on the fundamental role played by
local manufacturing systems (Textile in
Carpi and farm machinery in Modena and
Reggio Emilia)
 Planning and interventions are conceived
Basic
assumptions to have an impact on a large number of
companies belonging to the same sector.
 Continuous monitoring of the status of
local production systems.
 Involvement of all the relevant actors
(Local Administration, Business
associations, Chamber of Commerce,
Trade Unions, etc.)
The ERVET System
Innovation - Technology Transfer
ASTER
CITER
Fashion
QUASCO
ERVET
CERCAL
CENTRO
CERAMICO
CERMET
DEMOCENTER
CESMA
Quality - Technology Engineering
Construction
Quality-TechnologyEngineering
CERMET
Quality Certification
and Lab. Testing
Bologna
 Laboratory analysis and
testing
 Process and product
certification
CESMA
Farm Machinery
Reggio Emilia
 Assistance to SMEs in
DEMOCENTER
Industrial Automation
Modena
 Training
introducing quality control
systems
 Information and assistance
on technology innovation
and regulations
 Demonstration installations
Significant changes in the
scenario
 Growing role of the regional Government on
industrial policy matters and on local
development thanks to the devolution
process
 Development of an articulate private or
associational sector providing high quality
services to companies
 Applied research and technology transfer as
new needs expressed by companies
 Evolution of regional industrial system
requiring new reading keys
A new reading of
the economic system
The whole region could be considered as a broad
multi-sectoral district
 Industrial system strongly diversified
 Prevalence of mechanical sector in terms both of
employees (45%) and of local units
 In areas where mechanical sector is prevailing, the
dense presence of firms belonging to different sectors
and the widespread system of subcontracting relations
make it very difficult to identify productive areas with a
single predominant product.
A renewed interest in the
debate on Industrial Districts
 More balanced growth between the economic and the
social components of development
 SMEs as vehicle for enhancing endogenous development
 Distinctive competencies give fresh weight to
competition based on the peculiarities of the local context
rather than on cost advantages
 Incremental innovation fosters a continuous bidirectional
connection with positive feedback among investment,
industrial and final goods
 Higher degree of evenness in the value distribution considering the same turnover and value added
produced
 Labour intensive much more than capital intensive
 Not hierarchical productive system
Source: Lucio Poma, 2003
Local Development Theory
 Re-discovering by Social Sciences of territory as the
conceptual frame to interpret the human phenomena
 By analysing the dynamics of Industrial Districts,
academics and practitioners have provided an in-depth
understanding of the strategic importance of the
territorial/local dimension for the comprehension of
economic and social actions
 History, cultural identity, local communities, social
differences, institutions, accumulation of entrepreneurial
know-how, become fundamental factors to explain and
“read” the local territorial dynamics in a global context
Distinctive aspects defining the
development processes
In a territorial context the development
processes do not merely respond to economicfinancial logics but arise from the synergic
action of the socio-cultural structures
The local development of the territorial context is
based on the enhancement of its own
differences: the whole social actor system is
engaged in a process of construction of the
territory through bottom up methodologies
Preliminaries for a
new Player System
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Regional Law on innovation and TT in order to encourage
partnerships between firms, Universities and public research
bodies
ERVET has dismissed the role of shareholder in favour of
others (i.e. Universities, Companies, etc.)
ASTER has changed its legal status and shareholders
composition
The evolution of Business Service Centres moves towards a
full immersion in the market
Only for their innovative activities, the Business Service
Centres can have access to public funds through public
tenders (in competition with other private and public
Business Service Centres) on projects developed in a close
connection with the companies
The new Player System
ERVET
Research
and TT
Laboratories
Innovation
Centres
ASTER
TA and support to PA
and Local Authorities
for Promotion and
Improvement of the
regional territory
Co-ordination, financing,
managing the Network for
Applied Research and TT
The Key Strategy
DEVELOPMENT OF
ENDOGENEOUS
POTENTIAL