Transcript Construction Sector

The Construction Sector in EU27
•
The biggest industrial employer
–
–
–
•
10.4% of GDP and 49.2% of Gross Fixed
Capital Formation (FIEC, 2008)
30% of industrial employment, 7.6% of
total employment (16.3 million
operatives)
3 millions enterprises
(95% SMEs with <20 workers, local
markets, low innovative)
A large influence on the whole economy
–
–
48,9 millions workers depending on Construction
The buildings/infrastructure supplied by the Construction sector
serve a lot of other industries and services
 £1 spent on construction output generates directly £2.84
in total economic activity (mainly locally)
•
Impact on economic activity
–
•
Contribution to employment
–
•
Construction is one of the best ways of stimulating economic activity –
not just in the construction sector, but across the economy as a whole,
including troubled manufacturing sectors (the construction industry is a
driver of growth in other sectors due to its heavy reliance on an
extended and varied supply chain. It has one of the lowest levels of
imports, so the stimulus spending stays within the national economy.
Construction is the best sector for stimulating employment and many
regions are heavily dependent on construction jobs.
Benefits of investment
–
Construction is not only immediate economic production, it is also
investment rather than consumption, which provides significant longterm economic and social benefits.
1
The Construction Sector
The Construction sector promotes a resource efficient, sustainable
and competitive European growth:
By creating an energy efficiency built environment
By 2050, most new and existing buildings and districts will be
energy neutral and have a zero CO2 emission. Numerous buildings,
based on new materials, products and processes, integrating
renewable energy sources, clean distributed generation
technologies and will even be energy positive, thus becoming real
power plants integrated to smart grids at district level.
The ECTP-launched European Initiative E2B (Energy Efficient
Buildings) is currently implemented under FP7 within the EeB PPP.
By providing our transport sector with modernized
infrastructures
Infrastructures networks transport people and goods: they are
fundamental lifelines of today’s society. Functional infrastructures
networks are essential to Europe’s prosperity, affecting economic
growth and quality of life to a large extent, matching the needs of
the resident population with the rules of the global market and
trade.
Modernized surface and sub-surface infrastructure, adopting
innovative advanced solutions, will provide smooth operation and
increased transport fluidity,
The newly ECTP-launched Initiative reFINE (Research for Future
Infrastructure Networks in Europe) will aim at these goals.
By reducing the ecological footprint of products and
services
The Construction sector develops a preventive approach with
respect to environmental challenges. It is decreasing the use of
resources (including available space) and is increasing the
safeguarding of the environment. It is reducing the need for raw
materials while favouring recourse to recycled materials and
materials with enhanced performances.
The Construction sector, Smart Growth and Innovation (to be
drafted)
Supply chain collaboration
Creating the market development agenda - Roadmapping and
Value Mapping
Joint market development – Government working with the
Private sector
Industry group leadership – a role for ECTP and the National
Platforms
Business models
Service vs. ownership
Pay As You Save – finance with payback on energy-saving
Promoters of innovation
Communication, shared vision, parallel development throughout
the supply chain
Culture – senior management support
Education – secondary and tertiary levels
Research, development, demonstration and deployment through
PPPs
Tools – systems design, economic and business modelling,
technical simulation and verification
EU & National government interventions
Strategic procurement (of capability and at scale) – c.f. DARPA &
SBRI from the Technology Strategy Board
Regulation as a lever for markets – interoperable standards
Working to create capability across national boundaries
Addressing roadblocks
Reaching SMEs - absorptive capacity
Skills development at scale
Silo’d, ‘Balkanised’ industry – 'trade secrets’
The Construction sector as a factor of economic, social and
territorial cohesion
It gives access to a proper and healthy housing by
refurbishing decayed dwellings and regenerating cities in a
sustainable way, as well as developing resource-efficient and low
cost social dwellings to guarantee housing access to everybody.
A high level of employment is maintained in this biggest
industrial sector (30 % industrial employment and about 16 million
direct jobs in Europe), via boosting RDI programmes and parallel
efforts to implement outcomes in practice, e.g. through training
and education.
It improves the independent and inclusive life of the
ageing and disabled European population by developing advanced
indoor and outdoor accessibility and smart technologies (domotics).
By employing 25% of immigrant workforce, the sector
has a major role on its integration into the European society and
economy.
Conservation of cultural heritage works makes people
valorise rich history and culture and contributes to promoting
tolerance and impeding ethnic conflicts.
Territorial cohesion, which mostly depends on
interconnections within and between territories, is highly sustained
by suitable and affordable public infrastructures.
Systems modelling and design
High fidelity simulation of building performance
Holistic design at district and town level – ‘what-if’ tools
Integrated networks of infrastructure
Off-site manufacturing
CAD-CAM, rapid prototyping and agile manufacturing
Just-in-time delivery, logistics development
Modular construction
Lego-like, services standardisation
Smart control of built environment (E2B, indoor and outdoor)
Intuitive, adaptive, personalised
Interoperability, open systems
Integrated energy management (E2B)
Selection from multiple sources of renewables
Building Information Management
Buildings and infrastructures for life (reFINE initiative)
Adaptable homes and infrastructure for an aging demography
Digital connectivity for multi-functional enhancement – safety,
security, energy performance
Building and infrastructure performance and control
Finance impacts - Validation of energy savings for new-build and postretrofit
Using sensor technology to monitor building and infrastructure
performance
On-site ‘hindrance-free’ upgrading building and infrastructure
performance
Design for materials and component re-use
Eliminating waste from build
2
and EU2020
The Construction sector and Education:
Participation in education has an unambiguously positive impact on earnings.
Due to a market failure, individuals do not invest in the optimum level of education and
training.
The Construction sector has a major role in Europe
competitiveness:
The competitiveness of our industrial activities in Europe is a
condition sine qua-non to achieve our ambitions and to surmount
the grand challenges addressed in the EU 2020 strategy. In this
respect, the construction sector contributes a lot as an enabling
sector:
The construction sector improves the business
environment, especially for SMEs, by providing logistics and
transport infrastructures and facilities for all industries, enabling
the development of prosperous companies and preventing their
delocalisation.
As a local, regional, national and international
industry, the sectors anchors an adequate level of activities
throughout Europe. It maintains jobs at local level throughout a
dense and extended tissue of SMEs and craftsmen, to which the
transfer of knowledge through demonstration and training
programmes on best practices is moving forward.
The sector activities offer ample opportunities for new
business, i.e. by opening a new buildings retrofitting market, by
speeding up the industrialization of its processes, or by promoting
the take-up of key enabling technologies such as nano-, bio- and
ICT-technologies.
By promoting performance-based approaches and
ambitious targets to develop a lead market in sustainable
construction, the construction industry becomes a driver for further
industrial development which can be exported outside Europe. This
will enable the construction industry to compete globally and to
increase its export of components, equipment, infrastructure works
and know how.
By conserving an attractive culture heritage of Europe,
it enhances the competitiveness of the European tourism sector.
The Construction sector creates new skills and jobs:
Construction sector will modernize labour market, with view to increase labour
participation and better match labour supply and demand.
- to facilitate labour mobility in sector by development of relevant legislation, common
European construction skills recognition, common “construction” language, further EU
harmonization of construction-related codes, etc.
- to facilitate development of relevant skills throughout a lifecycle to continue increase of
knowledge and skills in construction works:
- to establish framework for cooperation in education and training involving
relevant stakeholders on different levels (from basic vocational to university level).
To make education and training systems being able to respond in flexible way to
construction labour market demand and changes (in other words: increase industry’s
involvement in all levels of education, including life-long learning initiatives?)
- to ensure construction competences/skills will be recognized throughout Europe
The State, therefore, is justified in intervening in the market for education and training at
certain levels, notably at primary and secondary level, and for certain target groups (for
example, individuals who left formal education without completing a leaving certificate or
equivalent).
In the years ahead, labour productivity will be the key determinant of economic growth in
Ireland, and increasing productivity will depend to a large extent on education and
training. A workforce that is better educated and trained can produce higher value goods
and services, and is more likely to innovate.
Improved education and training also yield a social dividend: they result in better social
cohesion and public health, and mitigate against poverty, crime and social welfare
dependency.
Finally, globalisation requires a flexible workforce. Ireland, as a small open economy, must
be able to respond rapidly to changes in the world economic and technological
environment; only a well educated population is able to respond in this way.
Sustained and enhanced investment in the educational and training infrastructure is thus
necessary and desirable for the foreseeable future.
The study by NUTEK (2000) shows that the proportion of higher educated employees is
significantly associated with both productivity (value added) and profitability (revenues to
cost ratio).
More recent research findings also suggest that investments in training generate
substantial gains for firms irrespective of whether the training is useful to other firms. The
evidence that employers profit from training investment comes from different countries
including Ireland, Britain, the Netherlands, Sweden, France, as well as the US. In most of
these studies we can, with reasonable confidence, maintain that training generates
performance effects and not the other way around.
The effects of education and skills/competence on productivity and innovation are
generally positive and significant. That we also start to see studies that connect education
and skills with profitability might be somewhat more unexpected. That firms extract profit
from prior education is also related to the ability of firms to capture returns from general
training investments.
Although micro companies may focus on organisational learning processes, they are
largely dependent on public or semi-public educational initiatives. Available courses
continue to develop in form and content, making them quite popular among micro
companies. New training models have been developed, not least through EU sector
initiatives, which are tailored to company needs.
The percentage of the adult population aged 50 to 74 participating in education and
training grew from 2.9% in 2000 to 4.3% in 2007.
The percentage of the adult population aged 25 to 64 participating in education and
training is 9.5% in 2009.
From the perspective of education, the two key drivers of change in construction are:
1. The shift to performance contract. This movement asks for a larger quality awareness of
people on site.
2. Health related to aging workforce. A larger part of the workforce has to learn to work
longer under physically heavy conditions.
The Construction sector and the digital Society (to be drafted)
- to monitor at EU level age and gender changes of the workforces,
increase/decrease in workforce (and thus competences) demand per
sub-sector and respond in time to forecasted changes (e.g. aging and demand
workforce changes)
- to strengthen the cooperation with social partners to better understand social problems
related to social aspects of construction sector (examples to clarify this bullet?) and better
use models of problems solving (social dialog of institutions, organizations, market)
- to continue work on improvement of health and safety at work in construction sector by
different means (legislation, new technological solution, new organization of work,
training and education, etc.)
3
Energy reduction of the existing stock of 200 million houses,
Ageing Society and obsolete Infrastructure are the core issues
for the refurbishment of our living environment.
Construction Industry has to be pushed towards responsibility for performance
by the introduction of new tools as Virtual Construction and
new cooperation as Lean Construction Management.
Innovation by research and integration of inputs from other sectors
is essential through setting up appropriate tools (such as PPPs) in FP8
•
A major world-wide challenge
•
Energy
Efficient
Buildings
•
•
•
•
•
Retrofit the existing building stock (200 million houses and many
offices)
Develop future positive energy buildings/districts
Integrate new technologies (including renewable energy technologies)
Innovation by research
•
•
Recovery Plan EeB PPP call 2010 : strong involvement of industry and
SMEs (24%) from the whole value chain (ECTP/E2BA : 210 Members)
Construction sector ready to collaborate towards an “ideal house” for
PPPs in FP8
Challenges
–
–
Mobility (energy saving, safety, inter-modality…), industry and
services
Existing infrastructures are getting old/obsolete
•
•
–
Roads (see winter 2010)
Water supply systems (leakage, water quality)…
Risks: flooding…
•
•
•
•
today more than 40 % of energy consumption
and around 30 % of GHG emissions
Road Map
•
•
•
Buildings = major potential for energy/carbon savings
100 major damaging floods between 1998 and 2004
700 deaths in Europe and half a million people displaces since 1998
Protection and repair of damage costs € 40 billion each year. Planned to increase up to
€ 100 billion in coming years
Road Map to a reliable Infrastructure
–
–
Greening infrastructure: 40% less impacts on environment (raw
materials, water, pollution and emissions…)
Infrastructure for a sustainable and competitive economy
•
•
•
Smart and resilient infrastructures
Infrastructures for an inclusive society
Infrastructure for a sustainable urban growth (« 4D city »)
The Construction sector and FP8 (to be drafted)
Infrastructure
for
Europe