Transcript Sophisticated liberal - Kevin James Bowman, Ph.D.

Kosmic Address Vs. Holarchical Embeddeness
(Bowman, 2012b, JITP)
Kosmic Address:
Altitude + Perspective
Need to differentiate subject, action, and object
Perspective-taking is one sort of action
Holarchical embeddedness of subject or object:
psychograph, sociograph including typologies
Holarchical processes:
perceptions, analyses, changing relations, choices, actions, etc., of
subject and object interaction where agents are positioned initially by
holarchical embeddedness
Holarchical Field Theory
(Bowman, 2012b, JITP)
Field
“substitutes events for things having fixed properties, and sees events
as totalities in which parts of the event are what they are, qualitatively
and quantitatively, only in terms of the rest of the event”
(English and English, p. 207)
Fundamental Components of Wilberian Integral Theory:
Past:
Holons (Wilber, 1995)
=> becomes Holarchically embedded subjects and objects
Present: Perspectives (Wilber, 2002, 2006)
=> becomes a subset of holarchical processes
Proposed:
Holarchical Fields (Bowman, 2012b)
mapping interpenetrating drives between subject and all
relevant objects forms potential fields of opportunity and
danger where actions taken is the choice subset.
Holarchical Field Theory (HFT)
(Bowman, 2012b, JITP)
Holarchical Field Theory
created by the synthesis of ISP and Holarchical Development
(ISP) and the Holarchical Drives are linked with the static-dynamic duality.
Dynamic Dualities
(subject-object interaction)
interiorization-exteriorization
internalization-externalization
individuation-collectivization
positive-negative
ascension-descension
Dualities
Dynamic-Static
Static Dualities
<->
(subject-object embeddedness)
<->
<->
<->
<->
<->
interior-exterior
internal-external
individual-collective
health-pathology
higher-lower
Kosmic Habits Vs. Holarchical Field Action
(Bowman, 2012b, JITP)
Wilber’s Kosmic Grooves
Level specific behavior = prob (past expression of holon,
historical time of level)
prob (Amber Agent Behavior | in Irag or Finland)?
Differences in AQAL unexamined surface features
In Holarchial Filed Action, the object environment becomes critical
Amber agent as subject recives drives from environment
Deeply included in Finland by zone?
Unhealthily fragmented in Irag by zone?
 testable
Integral Mathematics Vs. HFT
(Bowman, 2012b, JITP)
Subject enacts object
No drives from object to subject examined (unlike HFT)
Only a primary method is specified (unlike HFT)
Internal = Interior: (Reductionism)
Wilber’s (2000b, p. 84) Integral Politics [underlines are mine]:
“when it comes to the cause of human suffering, liberals tend to
believe in exterior causes, whereas conservatives tend to believe in
interior causes. That is, if an individual is suffering, the typical
liberal tends to blame external social institutions (if you are poor it
is because you are oppressed by society), whereas the typical
conservative tends to blame internal factors (you are poor because
you are lazy).
Integral Political-Economic Field Theory
(Bowman, Book in Progress)
Object
Integral Political Economy
Embedded in HFT
Method
Economist,
Economics, and
Economy
Subject
Forming actual and potential
fields
Economist
Economics
Economy
Object Economy:
By Metatheoretical Orientation of Mainstream Principles Method
The Value
Failures
Hard budget constraint.
Competitive allocation of
scarce resource/funds.
Invisible Hand
New product development
including financial innovation.
Cost reductions within firms.
Externalities.
Borrowing constraints for
education.
Financial contamination.
Short-term incentives &
inattention to aggregate risk.
Anti-competitive consolidation.
Rent-seeking.
Taxing negative externalities
and natural resources.
Subsidizing positive externalities
The
Public goods provision.
Government Inflation-output monitoring.
Regulation of excessive risk
Financial education.
Antitrust regulation.
Deposit insurance
Special interest persuasion.
Logrolling.
Moral hazard.
Pandering populism.
Imperfect modeling of economy.
Soft budget constraint.
Private
Markets
Subject Economist: Political-Economic Types
The Value
Failures
Private Markets
Conservatives
The
Government
Radicals
Liberals
Subject Economist (cont.)
Political-Economic Understanding as a
Learning Line of Development....
with Types
Conservative
Liberal
Radical
Immature
Deregulate always
Always cut taxes
Typically sees no role
for government
except protect
private property
Fix prices to help us (or poor)
now with no regard to
unintended consequences
Profit incentive has no value
No acknowledgment of
government failures
= Fundamentalist
Conservative
= Naive Liberal
May advocate revolution
Favors one change as a
panacea (examples:
communism or anarchy)
Does not honor the partial
validity of the modern
system
= Militant or Utopian
Radical
Subject Economist (cont.)
Political-Economic Understanding as a
Learning Line of Development with Types
Conservative
Liberal
Radical
Sophisticated
Markets are often efficient
Some market failures exist
Government policies often
make matters worse
Open to less distorting
public corrective
measures
Emphasizes market failures
Acknowledges failed liberal
policies of the past
Sees development as not
occurring without
sound public corrective
measures and investment
Market and government failures
are interrelated
Recognizes unhealthy
aspects of industrial
democracies
Need co-created evolution to a
new stage of economic
development.
Subject Economist:
Political-Economic Understanding as a
Learning Line of Development
Level
Higher/Healthier:
Sophisticated Agents
Acknowledge all 4 areas, but
emphasize their own ovals
Lower/Less Healthy:
Immature Agents
Recognize only within
their ovals.
Types
Conservative Liberal
Radical
D. Gordon
(SSA
Theorist)
Milton
Friedman
Joseph
Stiglitz
J. Buchanan
A. Sen
Stakeholder
Balance &
Maturity
Glen Beck
Michael
Moore
Polar
Revolutionaries:
Communist/
Anarchist
Rush
Limbaugh
Elements of
Tea Party
Elements
of
Occupy
Wall
Street
Elements of Tea
Party and Occupy
Wall Street
(Economy) Economics [Economist]
By Political-Economic Types
Two Subject Economists Enacting
Each Other As Partial Objects
The Immature-Sophisticated Fallacy
Reductionism
The Sophisticated Conservative
Reduced to Fundamentalist by
Naive Liberal
Sophisticated conservative
concern of unintended
consequences of naïve
liberal reform seen by...
naïve liberal as
selfish defense of the
privileged business class.
Elevationism
Naïve Liberal Elevates
Oneself
The Financial Crisis is used
as evidence that any
government intervention is
justified because the
failures of the neoliberal
paradigm.
Two Subject Economists Enacting Each
Other As Partial Object
The Immature-Sophisticated Fallacy
Reductionism
The Sophisticated Liberal Reduced to
Naïve by Fundamentalist Conservative
Sophisticated liberal desire
to regulate a market failure
seen by...
immature conservative
as ignorant
encroachment on freedom
and the right to pursue
prosperity.
Elevationism
Fundamentalist Conservative
Elevates
Oneself
Neoliberal paradigm justified by
universalizing the
assumptions of perfect
competition and the falling of
communism.
Two Subject Economists Enacting Each Other As Partial Objects
The Immature-Sophisticated Fallacy
Reductionism
The Sophisticated Conservative or Liberal Reduced to Immature by Militant Radical
Either a sophisticated conservative emphasis on market resource allocation or
sophisticated liberal approach to improve market allocations
may be met by....
a militant radical as unwitting support of corrupt elites preventing the
natural overthrow of the status quo.
Elevationism
A utopian radical elevates oneself to sophisticated
The recurrence of bubbles is used to justify the abolition of the
fractional reserve system without engaging the scholarly
literature on this issue.
Two Subject Economists Enacting Each Other As Partial Objects
The Immature-Sophisticated Fallacy
Reductionism
The Sophisticated Radical Reduced to Militant by Fundamentalist Conservative or
Naive Liberal
Sophisticated radical critique of policy formed by mutually reinforcing self
interests of political and business leaders assumed to be...
motivated to implement communism or anarchy by the
fundamentalist conservative or naive liberal.
Elevationism
Immature Liberals and Conservatives Elevate Themselves
Communism used by Immature Right
Unhealthy Hierarchies used by Immature Left
Against Holarchical Stage Theories of Economic Development
U.S.
Stakeholder
Deflections
Deflections of
blame using
immature
arguments
Incentivized by
holarchical
embeddedness
Game Theory Showing Pathology Vs. Healthy Cultural Capital:
Game 1 - Two egoists and their short-term payoffs
Sup-optimal
Nash
Equilibrium
Immature Liberalism use to justify S2 for L
Immature Conservatism can justify S2. for H.
Both support their preferred beggar-thy-neighbor policies
Game2: Two cooperators and their short-term payoffs
Optimal Nash
Equilibrium
S1 of each supported by economic theory and evidence.
Net benefits are even greater in the long-run.
Game 3: A low-skilled cooperator and a high-skilled egoist
and their short-term payoffs
Sup-optimal
Nash
Equilibrium
If cooperation is conditional for L and the game is repeated:
L loses value attached to cooperating and the game reverts to Game 1
Collective Political-Economic Pathology
Habermas’s definition of social pathologies:
social pathologies occur when one of his specified
rationalization complexes are not cultivated to the same
degree as the others…
or when learning in one is not allowed to
interact with learning in another complex (Ingram 2010, p. 319)
Example: Considered impolite to talk politics in new social situations:
=> unable to have mature disagreements in this area
U.S.: IQ increased 3 points per decade (Flynn, 2011)
U.S. Presidential Debates less scientific since 1960 in economic realm not
others (Gorton and Diels, 2011)
Bhaskar (1993): The neoliberal triumphalism is a regression in the philosophical
discourse of modernity. (IPE: liberal postmodernity provided no alternative
beyond welfare capitalism and bubbles bought off liberals.
Collective Political-Economic Pathology
A strongly averted or overly critical response to sophisticated or
opposing views may be indicative of shadow projections.
As the science mounts that the environmental, financial, and distributional
trends are not sustainable….
the more entrenched the shadow becomes if ego does not wish to
admit the need to change behaviors.
 Rather than seeing popular pressures for sensible reform
in response to status-quo gridlock and polarization:
The immature aspects of the Tea Party and Occupy Wall Street
stretch us further to the less developed extremes.
Denmark ‘s Economic Transformation
Campbell and Pedersen, 2010; Monica Prasad, 2008; Dougherty, 2008)
• Late 1980s/early ‘90s, lackluster performance
• Since then, considerable improvement in all major macro indicators
with low inequality.
• Plus 15% reduction of carbon emissions from 1990 to 2005.
• Financial Crisis effects due more to international contamination.
Its sound underwriting standards minimized adverse effects.
Denmark ‘s Reforms
Campbell and Pedersen (2010)
• “Flexicurity” (flexible but secure)
Firms free to hire and fire
(unlike in Germany or France, but like US), but…
•
Continued with generous safety net,
but tied them to job seeking and the benefit levels
reduced.
• Early ‘90s, new and generous retraining benefits.
I
increased demand for good programs in already strong
vocational education system.
(In contrast to U.S. disqualified students for
unemployment benefits and Germany only retrained
existing workers)
•
Institutional decentralization. Retraining programs tailored at
the local level to fit the needs of local employers.
Political-Economic Discourse
• Decentralized negotiations among:
unions, employer groups, municipal authorities, educators, and other
relevant actors at the regional and local level
U.S.: Pathology in the Poly-Econ Line – capable of doing better
but unhealthy cultural capital leads to suboptimal outcomes.
As financial and enviro liabilities mount, the system got more
dysfunctional and polarized to avoid needed changes
Supports IPE theory:
• Stakeholder representation ,
• Validation of claims using sound theory and evidence.
• Healthy communication (high level cultural capital ) for policies that help in the
transformation to a more mature informational economy.
•Results in greater cultural capital to reach the optimal Prisoner’s Dilemma
outcome.