Transcript CDM in the US

Collaborative Decision
Making at the
FAA/ATO
A look at how CDM is
applied in the U.S.
Date: 18 February 2008
Federal Aviation
Administration
CDM in the US - Outline
• Overview of the problem CDM is addressing
• Early successes with FAA/ATO data sharing
• Airport arrival constraints and managing
equity thru ground delay programs
• Airspace flow program (AFP) focused on en
route constraints
• CDM tools in development
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Major US Airports - Demand vs. Delay
Annual Ops
Monthly Delay
Annual Delay
30
9
25
20
7.5
15
7
6.5
10
Avg. Total Delay
8
6
5
5.5
Federal Aviation
Administration
Jul-07
Jan-07
Jul-06
Jan-06
Jul-05
Jan-05
Jul-04
Jan-04
Jul-03
Jan-03
Jul-02
Jan-02
Jul-01
Jan-01
Jul-00
5
Jan-00
Annual Ops (Million)
8.5
0
3
3
ATO Dash Board
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Administration
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Early CDM Accomplishments
NAS status information is available on the Internet at
http://www.atcscc.faa.gov/ois
- Special Use Airspace data is available
Runway visual range data is available at 28 airports
TRACON Radar tracks available to airlines at major
airports
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Administration
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Sample Benefits of FAA Data
Sharing
• Approach radar tracks available to Airlines
– Enhanced terminal area situational awareness to Airline
Operations Centers
• Reduced the number of diversions
– Estimated 3 - 5 diversions avoided per week during inclement
weather ($5K - $100K each)
• Improved recovery from missed approaches
– Improved gate management at ramp tower
• Increased accuracy on touchdown and gate times
• Improved management of airline/airport resources
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Administration
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Highlights: CDM for Traffic
Flow Management in the US
• Initial CDM concepts were developed starting in the mid90’s.
• CDM-based decision support tool (FSM – the flight
schedule monitor) and information exchange network
(CDM-net) became operational in 1998 for the planning
and control of ground delay programs (GDP’s).
• Broad participation by FAA operations personnel and
nearly all air carriers and more recently business jet
operators.
• “CDM-Group” meets regularly to develop new computerbased tools and operational procedures, to analyze air
traffic data and problem areas and to solve pressing
problems.
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Administration
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CDM Concepts and Features
• Philosophical components:
– improved information and common situational awareness
– distributed control and decision making:
• Decision made by most appropriate party
• Economic tradeoffs made by appropriate flight operator
– strong and continuous interaction among airspace system managers and
flight operators
• FAA—airlines
• airline—airline; peer pressure
• Technical accomplishments:
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–
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new fair allocation principles
shared decision support tool (FSM)
shared communications network (CDMnet)
Airspace Flow Program
• Reliance on data analysis and objective critique
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Administration
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Motivation for Ground Delay Programs:
airline schedules “assume” good weather
SFO: scheduled arrivals:
VMC airport acceptance rate:
IMC airport acceptance rate:
Federal Aviation
Administration
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Flight Schedule Monitor (FSM)
• Decision support tool to monitor and control
arrival demand at airports
• Receives regular flight list updates from ETMS
• Provides graphical and statistical displays
of arrival demand
Hourly
Demand
Graphs
Flight
Lists
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Administration
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Ground Delay Programs
delayed
departures
control = flight
departure time
decision variable =
flight arrival time
(slot)
delayed departures
delayed arrivals/
no airborne holding
delayed departures
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Administration
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Ground Delay Programs (GDPs)
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Used to control excess arrival demand at airports
Executed through FSM
Assigns ‘arrival slots’ to flights based on airport capacity
Releases each flight from its departure airport in time to
meet its arrival slot
Excess demand …
… delayed to match
capacity
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Administration
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Equity is the Challenge in
Assigning Airline Delay
CDM provides a Slot Exchange:
- Intra-Airline Slot Exchange -- Cancellation and
Substitution Process: slot-to-flight allocation viewed
as slot-to-airline allocation; airlines can reassign
slots they “own” to their flights in any way possible
– as part of process they may cancel certain flights.
- Inter-Airline Slot Exchange -- Compression:
implements a type of inter-airline slot exchange in
situation where airlines are assigned slots they are
otherwise unable to use.
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Administration
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Arrival slot allocations
Normal Capacity:
arrival rate = 60/hr
Degraded Conditions:
arrival rate = 30/hr
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Administration
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GDPs under CDM
Resource Allocation Process:
• FAA: initial “fair” slot allocation [Ration-by-schedule]
• Airlines: flight-slot assignments/reassignments
[Cancellations and substitutions]
• FAA: periodic reallocation to maximize slot utilization
[Compression]
Estimated that millions of minutes of delay are saved
each year due to better use of available capacity.
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Administration
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Convective Weather Problem
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Administration
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GDPs as an Airspace Tool Control
the Wrong Flights
• Many flights in the FCA are
not controlled because they
aren’t going to the GDP
airports
Uncontrolled flights in the FCA
Delayed flights not in the FCA
• Many flights not in the FCA
are unnecessarily delayed
because they are going to
GDP airports
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Administration
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Airspace Flow Programs (AFPs)
• Uses FSM scheduling technology matched
airspace demand and capacity problems
• Lets traffic managers apply coordinated delays to
flights overloading en route resources
FCA parameters
Create a Flow
Constrained Area
FCA flight list
Updated
Flight delays
demand ETMS manages
Meter flights in the
data exchange
FCA through FSM
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Administration
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AFP Operations
• Uses established infrastructure and procedures for
distributing and maintaining controlled departure
times
• Customers can avoid imposed ground delay by
routing around constrained area
– Resulting drop in demand will reduce all delay through
‘compression’
• Programs can be revised as demand and weather
change, to make full use of all available capacity
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Administration
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AFP Benefits
• Much more precise control of airspace demand
– Reduce Ground Stops, diversions and airborne holding
Before AFP
With AFP
versus
• Distribute delay fairly among flights contributing to the excess
demand
• Avoid imposing unnecessary delay on flights that don’t use
constrained resources
• Provide customers more predictability and flexibility / options
• The AFP is a building block for airspace congestion management
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Administration
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Other CDM Activities
• Concept Engineering Activities
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TFM Surface Data Initiative (TSDI)
Surface Traffic Count Monitor (STCM)
Departure Flow Management (DFM)
Route Availability Prototype Tool (RAPT)
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Administration
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END
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Administration
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