Transcript Democratization powerpoint

 From World War
II to 1980s the 1st, 2nd, 3rd
World label was most common
• 2nd World countries have disappeared with the
demise of communism; and those that remain are
adopting market based systems (Vietnam,
China)
• Old 3rd World countries have become somewhat
more developed and industrialized as well as
economically powerful (Brazil, Mexico)
• There are also 4th world countries (Afghanistan,
Ethiopia, Haiti) because of its poor economies
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Looking at overall
strength of economy
• GDP and GNP
• PPP-Purchasing Price
Parity-looks at basic cost of
living in a particular
country by measuring the
same basket of goods
(Economist Big Mac Index)
• Human Development
Index-PPP plus longevity,
knowledge on a scale of 0
to 1
http://hdr.undp.org/en/me
dia/HDI_2008_EN_Tables.p
df
 How
democratic is the government?
• Consolidated democracies-long established
• Transitional democracies-newly established
“hybrid regimes”
 5 Things in common
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Free and fair elections
Political parties are free to organize and compete
Transparency, accountability in the policy making process
Citizens have civil and political rights
An independent judiciary to protect citizens check other
two branches
 Nothing
is perfect,
however
• Electoral outcomes
may not be rational,
equitable or wise
• No government has
fully lived up to its
democratic standards
• How the checklist is
interpreted by the
people (France’s
headscarf debate)
• Economic inequalities
stack the deck in the
wealthy’s favor- “more
equal than others”
• Implementation varies
by the institutions that
enforce them
• Authoritarian regimes
 Characterized by the exact opposite of the 5 features
mentioned
 …but, some contain democratic values
 China is based on socialist democracy
 Iran has multiparty elections, but defined and limited by the
Islamic clergy
 Different
types of democracy dependent on
socioeconomic factors, state structures, policy
practices
• ACCOUNTABILITY is key
 The Regime defines the democracy
• Methods of access
• The actors admitted to or excluded from
• Strategies actors can gain access
• Rules in making of publicly binding decisions
 Process is institutionalized
 Written body of laws is created to make it effective
 Procedures
of Democracy
• Competition
 Not always a trait of democracy
• Federalist 10 argues competion a necessary evil
• Regular elections
• Majority Rule
• Cooperation
 Civil society—citizen deliberation without relying on
supreme central authority
• Means of election
 Must be accountable to the people
 Increase in size of government distorts accountability
 Based
on Rule of Law
• Control of government’s decision by elected officials
• Frequent and fair elections
• Adults have the right to vote
• Right to run for office
• Free speech
• Free press
• Freedom of Association
• Elected officials must be free from OVERRIDING
influences from military, bureaucracies
• Polity is self-governing
 Identify
the 7 attributes of democracy
according to Robert Dahl.
 What two additional attributes do the
authors add?
 What are the 4 things democracy is not.
 What is Schmitter and Karl’s “ideal”
democracy.
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“The liberal conception of democracy advocates
circumscribing the public realm as narrowly as possible,
while the socialist or social-democratic approach would
extend that realm through regulation, subsidization, and in
some cases, collective ownership of property.”
Democratization will not necessarily bring in its wake
economic growth, social peace, administrative efficiency,
political harmony, free markets, or “the of
ideology”…Instead, what we should be hoping for is the
emergence of political institutions that can peacefully
compete to form governments and influence public policy,
that can channel social and economic conflicts through
regular procedures, and that have sufficient linkages to civil
society to represent their constituencies and commit them to
collective courses of action.
The deregulation of democracy has…produced an
unwieldy system, unable to govern or command the
respect of people.
 What 3 institutions do people trust? Why?
 We should be embracing less democracy instead of
more. (Federalist 51, maybe)
 Democracy should be delegated, especially in
economics
 People are beginning to understand the importance
of the “middle man”
 Direct democracy has only been tried a few times,
ending in failure
 Is Zakaria promoting a new socialism or asking for a
new bourgeoisie.
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Democracy is not always economically efficient
Democracy is not always more administratively efficient
• More actors must be consulted for policy making
• More payoffs to more clients
• Rent seeking
Democracy is not likely to appear more orderly, stable,
or governable because of
• Freedom of expression
• Continuing disagreement over new rules and
institutions
• Anti systems parties will be present and may not play
by the rules