The Asian Financial Crisis - University of Missouri
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Transcript The Asian Financial Crisis - University of Missouri
Assessing the Likelihood of RMB
Devaluation
Hung-Gay Fung
University of Missouri-St. Louis
External Factors
Asia:
• maintain export as element of business model.
• vs. U.S., Japan, Europe.
Europe:
• Euro provides opportunity for domestic growth
• uncertain opportunities for exports.
U.S.:
• slow domestic growth, other than technology,
– little domestic opportunities.
• looking external for opportunities.
China - A Key Global Force
Most important among Asian countries
• market of 1.2 billion people
• have not been subjected to the currency crisis
and is subjected to pressure
Economic growth – revised GNP growth for China 7%
– GNP growth for world = 2%
– even at half the growth rates ???
vs. Devaluation RISK
Market Potential...
Population Real GDP Growth
1997
China
91-95
Per Capita GNP
96
95
1,226
12.0%
9.6% $
620
South Korea
45
7.5%
7.1% $
9,700
T hailand
59
8.5%
6.4% $
2,740
Indonesia
209
7.8%
8.0% $
235
U.S.
267
1.9%
2.5% $
26,980
Source: Worldbank, 1997
The Impact of Crisis on
China
More
imports from other Asian countries
• Korea: steel (32.4%), petro-chemicals (11.8%),
and textiles (9%).
China’s
exports slow down.
Increase unemployment.
Slowed FDI
Economic Impact on
Chinese Exporters
• Export goods: more expensive in
comparison to Asian countries.
• Lack of liquidity in Asia - lower
demand.
• Erosion of competitiveness
– Super-competition from Asian
countries, especially Korea and
Japan
China Under
Pressure
Under pressure
to devalue its currency.
Risk of a Chinese RMB devaluation…?
Why RMB may not
depreciate
Limited
effectiveness in stimulating
export (cost of RM imports, J-curve)
Adverse impact on Long-term
growth
Negative impact on Asian crisis,
hurts its credibility as an Asian
Leader
Foreign debt
Other policies options available
China’s Strategies to Stabilize
Currency
Stimulate
domestic economy.
• National Income = C + I + G.
Support
exports with tools other
than depreciation.
China’s Strategies to Stimulate
Domestic Economy
Revive
shelved public projects,
especially infrastructure projects
Build privately owned housing
projects
China’s Strategies to Enhance
Exports
Ease
Export Credits by encouraging
banks to make loans to export-oriented
companies.
Relax Export Licenses:
• Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic
Cooperation issues more export licenses for base
metals.
Increase
Tax Rebates:
• Exporters will receive full 17% value-added tax.
Regional Rebalancing
An opportunity to ease regional
growth gap (Coastal area vs. NW).
A long-term solution to national
unemployment problem.
China:
A country visited by many...
Stable political environment
Close to US $7 billion FDI
in 1996
Visitors from all over the
world
1.2 billion domestic tourists
(High income growth)
Business Strategies
Enhance
product lines/marketing (e.g.,
conferences).
Enhance productivity.
Risks.
• Further devaluation, especially China
• Inaction
Competition:
From other Asian
Countries (especially after
devaluation)
Needs to have quality
employee to compete...
Corporate Business Strategies
- Products
Very
high end product
Middle market
• alliance - world, corporate and consumer
• regional rebalancing
Corporate Business Strategies
- Production
Production
Costs
Productivity
– modernized plants
– education of labor force