Transcript Manufacturing Processes

Manufacturing Processes
Introduction
Historical Overview
Manufacturing Across History
Enero de 2005
1/2
3
Manufacturing Across History
Enero de 2005
2/2
4
Manufacturing Defined
Definition of Manufacturing
manufacture
manus
factus
Latin words
+
= Made by hand
Enero de 2005
6
Duality
Technical Activity
Economic Activity
Added value
Enero de 2005
7
Manufacturing as a Technical Activity
Machinery
Power
Labor
Tools
Processed
Part
Starting
material
Manufacturing Process
Enero de 2005
Scrap and
waste
8
Example
Enero de 2005
9
Manufacturing as an Economic Activity
Manufacturing Process
$
Value added $$
Starting
material
$$$
Processed
Part
Material in
Processing
Enero de 2005
10
Economic Role of Manufacturing
Enero de 2005
11
Gross National Product (GNP)
Enero de 2005
12
Manufacturing and Service Industries Share of U.S. GDP, 1977 to 1998
Percent of GDP
24%
Manufacturing
Services
22%
20%
18%
16%
14%
Enero de 2005
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis
98
19
97
19
96
19
95
19
94
19
93
19
92
19
91
19
90
19
89
19
88
19
87
19
86
19
85
19
84
19
83
19
82
19
81
19
80
19
79
19
78
19
19
77
12%
13
Manufacturing in the Economy
Enero de 2005
14
Manufacturing in the Economy

“The reason for manufacturing's stability is that there is a synergy
between manufacturing and other sectors. Manufacturing generates
most of the economy's productivity and technology, while other sectors
such as services generate the largest share of new employment. The
productivity generated by manufacturing raises the wages of workers
employed in all sectors. The productivity enhancements generated in
manufacturing boost activity in other sectors. As these sectors become
more successful, they, in turn, create more demand for manufactured
goods and its high-paying jobs.”
http://www.vpmep.org/mfgstats.htm

Relatively stable over time, even though the number of people involved
has declined
Significant manufacturing management remains in the U.S.
98% of U.S. mfg companies < 500 employees


Enero de 2005
15
Contributions to Economic Growth,
1992-1997
Manufacturing
also contributes
to technological
advances, with
significant
investments in
R&D
http://www.vpmep.org/mfgstats.htm
Enero de 2005
16