Transcript The New Deal

The New Deal
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Background
Creating the Safety Net
A.
Relief
B.
Jobs
C.
Social insurance
Union Legitimacy
A.
Norris-LaGuardia
B.
NRA
C.
Anti-Racketeering Law of 1933
D.
NLRA
Response
A.
Workers
B.
Employers
C.
Constitutional Conflict
Values
• Public control
– Economic morality
– Progressivism
• SOL Frances Perkins
• Cooperation
– End of individualism
• Experimentation
– Emergency mentality
Public Works Administration
Construction of the Triborough Bridge
Relief
• In 1933,
Congress
enacts $4.8B
relief bill
• $1B per year
• 2% of GDP
Relief line, San Antonio, TX, 1939
Civilian
Conservation
Corps
• Plant trees
• Build parks
Works Progress
Administration
• Culture
– Writers, artists, actors
• Promotes unions,
Democratic policies
Social Insurance
• Old Age benefits
• Payroll tax
Norris-LaGuardia
• Precedes New Deal
• Passed in 1932 by new Congress
– Democratic majority
– Progressive Republicans
• Rep. Fiorello LaGuardia (R-NY)
• Sen. George Norris (R-NB)
• Declared labor’s right to organize
• Outlawed yellow dog contracts
“The Little Flower”
• Barred federal judges from issuing
labor injunctions
National
Recovery
Administration
• Economic Planning
– Agricultural Adjustment Administration
• Industrial self-governance
• Right to join labor union—Section 7A
National Labor Relations Act
• Also known as the
Wagner Act (1935)
• Encourage collective
bargaining to stabilize
wages
• Guarantees worker’s
right to join a union
Senator Robert Wagner (D-NY)
• NLRB
– arbitrates
– counts ballots
Anti-Racketeering Act of 1933
• New legitimacy requires
policymakers redefine
criminality
• Federal, state, local
campaign against
racketeering ensues
• Word is vague
Al Capone, 1929
• AFL uses to establish itself
as the source of legitimacy
Workers Respond
• Progressive unions
make big gains
– United Mine
Workers
– Amalgamated
Clothing Workers
• AFL confronts
manufacturing
– Federal locals
– Automobile
• Toledo
• Auto-lite
• General strikes
Minneapolis teamsters fight police, 1934
– Minneapolis
– San Francisco
Employers
• Rhetorical
– Call NIRA fascism
– Call Democrats
“communists”
• Practical
James H. Rand, Jr.
President of Remington-Rand, Inc.
Cited for "wholesale violations" of NLRA
– Textiles
Constitutional Conflict
• Corporate manufacturers fund
legal challenge
• USSC voids NIRA in 1935
• Employers refuse to abide
Wagner Act until court rules
U.S. Supreme Court, 1932
• Jones & Laughlin case (1937)
– Justice Roberts switches
– Court upholds NLRA & federal
economic regulation generally