Transcript Social Economic Review 2002 Power Point

The Economy: two years of negative growth, following a
four-year stagnation, ended an earlier promising era.
GDP per capita, NIS thousands,
(1995 prices)
50
53
50
51
51
51
49
50
46
44
42
44
42
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Declining Economy
chart 1
Unemployment: after declining, despite mass immigration,
unemployment is once again rising.
% unemployed
Declining Economy
chart 2
Unemployment by Region: periphery towns suffer more
unemployment than the center.
% unemployed
Jerusalem
North
Haifa
Central
Tel-Aviv
South
Declining Economy
chart 3
Standard of Living - Public Opinion: Has your standard
of living changed in the last 2-3 years? The majority feel a
decline in their standard of living.
Improved
%
Worsened
%
No change
%
Declining Economy
chart 4
Income Needs - Public Opinion: Does your income
meet your basic needs? One third feel barely able to meet
their needs.
%
%
%
No difficulty
Reasonably well
Hardly
Declining Economy
chart 5
Gross Domestic Product: while lagging behind more
developed countries as measured in per capita terms, Israeli
ranking rises when examined per employee.
Per capita
Per employed person
US
Ireland
Germany
Netherlands
Israel
Switzerland
Spain
Sweden
UK
Japan
Greece
Portugal
US
Switzerland
Netherlands
Ireland
Japan
Germany
Sweden
UK
Israel
Spain
Portugal
Greece
10
15
20
25
30
35 70
60
50
40
30
US$, thousands
The Positive Side
chart 6
Exports: the past 20 years have seen a major shift from
conventional industries to electronics.
% of total exports
Electronics
Chemical products
Textiles
1980
Agriculture
2002
Diamonds
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
The Positive Side
35
chart 7
Information Technology: Israel has a high proportion of
ICT in its business sector. Employment share is lower but still
relatively high.
% in Employment
% in Value-Added
Finland
France
Sweden
Ireland
UK
Japan
Israel
Belgium
Hungary
US
S.Korea
Portugal
Mexico
Ireland
Israel
Finland
S.Korea
Sweden
US
Hungary
UK
France
Japan
Portugal
Belgium
Mexico
3
6
9
12
15
18 10
8
6
4
The Positive Side
2
0
chart 8
Occupational Structure: reflects reliance on academic
and professional employment.
Sales and
service
workers
18%
Unskilled
workers
8%
Skilled
workers
21%
Academic,
professionals,
technicians
and managers
36%
Clerical
workers
17%
The Positive Side
chart 9
Income Distribution: those in the lowest decile earn as
little as 1/5 of those in the highest decile.
Index, upper decile of income = 100
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Upper
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
Lower
Deciles of income per standard person
Income Distribution
chart 10
Durable Goods Ownership: the lowest decile lags
behind in access to computer technology and transportation.
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
% of total in each decile
Microwave
Upper
VCR
7
Internet
4
Lower
Cellular
Phone
Income Distribution
Car
chart 11
Families in Poverty: families living below the poverty line
have leveled off at the high level of 16-17%.
20
% of families below poverty line
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Income Distribution
2000
chart 12
Real Wages: a trend of rising real average wages has
abruptly reversed.
130
Index 1994=100
120
110
100
90
80
70
Income Distribution
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
60
chart 13
Security - Public Opinion: Does the security situation
influence your daily life? Over 50% feel a great impact.
% of respondents
very much
somewhat
a little
not at all
0
10
20
30
40
50
Social Tensions
60
chart 14
Violent Crime: the rate of violent crime doubled in the 90s;
a major part, attributable to domestic violence.
per 1000 population
6
5
4
3
2
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Social Tensions
chart 15
Road Accidents: Israel has almost the highest number of
road accident victims of all Western countries.
1,200
per 100,000 population
1,000
800
600
400
200
Denmark
Finland
Turkey
Poland
Sweden
Hungary
Norway
France
Greece
Ireland
Spain
Switzerland
Italy
UK
Germany
Austria
Portugal
Belgium
Canada
Israel
US
0
Social Tensions
chart 16
Tolerance - Public Opinion: Is Israeli society tolerant of
national, ethnic, or religious groups? The public perceives
Israeli society as largely intolerant.
very much
11%
not at all or
hardly
65%
somewhat
24%
Social Tensions
chart 17
Foreign Workers: since the mid-90s, Palestinian laborers
have been largely replaced by foreign workers.
% of civilian labor force
10
8
6
4
2
Foreign workers
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
0
Palestinian workers
Social Tensions
chart 18
Foreign Workers - Public Opinion: How should the
government relate to foreign workers? Almost half think they
should be prevented from entering and deported.
18%
46%
36%
ban entry and deport
ban entry, allow those here to stay
improve conditions
Social Tensions
chart 19
Government Outlays: social services are the largest
component of the government budget.
Total budget – US$ 60 billion
Debt
servicing
29%
Other
15%
Social
services
41%
Defense
15%
Restrained Budget
chart 20
Government Expenditure: stability following decline of
government outlays from almost 60% of GDP to near 40%.
60
Total budget, excl. debt servicing
50
other
40
30
defense
20
10
social services
0
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
Restrained Budget
2000
2002
chart 21
In-Kind Social Services: after a short spurt in the early
90s, a moderate downward trend may be observed in
education, health and welfare expenditures.
18
% of GDP
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
Restrained Budget
chart 22
Unemployment Benefits: rising unemployment has led to
a rapid increase in the number of people receiving
unemployment and income support benefits.
270
thousands
240
210
180
150
120
90
60
30
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Unemployment
Income Support
Restrained Budget
chart 23
Budget Cuts - Public Opinion: To what extent do budget
cuts hurt social services? Most people say it has had a
harmful effect.
67%
24%
9%
very much
somewhat
very little
Restrained Budget
chart 24
Social Gaps - Public Opinion: How does the budget
affect socio-economic disparities? The public feels
government policy has widened social gaps.
widens disparities
has no influence
narrows
disparities
71%
13%
16%
Restrained Budget
chart 25
University Enrollment: since reaching parity in 1985,
more women now enroll in university than men.
14
Enrolled as % of age group (20-29)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1965
1975
1996
1985
Women
Men
2001
Service development
chart 26
Turkey
Portugal
Hungary
Italy
Poland
Austria
Greece
Spain
France
Switzerland
UK
Netherlands
Denmark
Australia
Norway
Germany
Sweden
Finland
Japan
New Zealand
US
Israel
Canada
Higher Education: over 40% of Israeli adults (age 25-64)
have a post-secondary education.
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Service development
chart 27
Education and Disparities - Public Opinion: Does the
education system narrow social disparities? Only a minority
see the education system as reducing disparities.
widens
disparities
26%
35%
no influence
narrows
disparities
20
39%
24
28
32
36
Service development
40
chart 28
US
Switzerland
Germany
Luxembourg
Canada
Denmark
France
Belgium
Norway
Netherlands
Australia
Austria
Italy
Japan
Ireland
UK
Sweden
Israel
Finland
Spain
Portugal
Greece
Czech Republic
South Korea
Hungary
National Health Expenditure: per capita expenditure is
lower than in most Western countries.
US$
4,500
3,500
2,500
1,500
500
Service development
chart 29
Government Health Expenditure: expenditures failed to
keep pace with population growth; per capita rates have
declined to the level of the early 90s.
Index: 1980=100
105
100
95
90
85
80
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
Service development
chart 30
Health Care - Public Opinion: Do all enjoy the same
level of health care? 80% feel that everyone does not receive
equal treatment.
large
differences
small
differences
equal care
56%
26%
18%
Service development
chart 31
Long-Term Care: The number receiving long-term care
benefits increased dramatically.
% of population aged 65+
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1990
1995
2001
Service development
chart 32