Transcript Presentation 1EN

UMR 5213
Energy efficient
indoor ligtihng
technologies
Prof. Georges Zissis
[email protected]
Light sources are everywhere !
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Monument
Lighting
Industrial
Applications
Interior
Lighting
Urban
Lighting
Transport
Lighting & Signs
Signalisation
&
Displays
Actual situation
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33 billion lamps operate every day
2 650 TWh electricity consumed per annum
19% of worldwide electricity production
3% of primary energy used every year for lighting
 12%
 9%
 21%
 34%
 86%
France
Germany
USA
Tunisia
Tanzania
Soustainable Developpement
Full production of FR + IT
Tertiary
48%
(Mils, RL-5, 2003)
Urban
8%
200 billion Euros per annum (Europe)
Industrial
16%
Residential
28%
16 billion new lamps per annum
25 billion of Euros/annum (turnover lamp industry)
Turnover increases constantly since 20 years
1 890 million tonnes of CO2 per year
80 tonnes Hg-contaminated wastes
collected in France every week
Light pollution of skies
Tomorrow ?
(2030)…
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1.2% growth/annum
6.5 billion people live on earth (2006)
1.5 billion without connection to electrical grid (2003)
8.0 billions (2030)
1.0 billion (2030)
6.3 k$ average annual GDP / person (2006)
4% annual average GDP growth rate (2006)
Average 680 kWh/capita/annum
for 7 billion people in 2030
Energy (MWh/capita/annum)
5 billion people use 2 650 TWh par year
Average energy used for lighting: 430 kWh/capita/annum
20062030
*
GDP/capita (k$/an)
Should we ban incendescnt
lampes?
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Incand. 35%
Is production capicity sufficient ?
Is the consummer ready for the market
transfromation ?
What is the social impact ?
Incand. 70%
It is better to promote energy
efficient technologies…
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Incandescent Lamps (GLS)
10 - 14 lm/W
Compact Fluorescent lamps (CFL)
30 - 65 lm/W
Electroluminescent Diodes (LED)
30-50 lm/W
Building sector:
Solutions exist
Diameter 26 mm
Luminus efficacy = 80 to 95 lm/W
Eln or EM Ballas
Hallophosphates ou triphosphors
Mature Product
Diameter 38 mm
Luminus efficacy = 40 to 65 lm/W
EM Ballast
Hallophosphates
Declining Product
T12
T5
T8
Diamètre 16 mm
Luminus efficacy = 95 to 105 lm/W
Eln Ballast
Triphosphors
Product in expansion
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Residential sector has a major
importance
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Average Luminous
efficacy of the sector
23.7 lm/W
16 TWh
Energy (MWh/capita/annum)
(from 11.5 to 64 lm/W)
GDP/capita (2000k$/an)
200 TWh
Residential sector is complex…
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Some barriers to overcome
Consumer dislikes classic CFL shapes, and, CFLs misfit often to “design” luminaries
Consumer dislikes colour temperature & rendering of CFLs
Good quality CFLs are (still) expensive, and, inexpensive CFLs aren’t (very often) reliable
Return time is short, but “diluted” and not directly “observable”
Plug & Play (integral) CFLs aren’t dimmable
Consumer need all light instantaneously, but CFLs need time to warm-up
CFL dislikes rapid (or random) ON-OFF cycle and is incompatible with presence detectors
CFL power supply dislikes mains voltage fluctuations (this is important for developing countries)
CFL aren’t “really green” products (mercury)…
A
Quality and labelling are major issues
Many of these arguments are
obsolete…
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Colours
Shapes
Dimming
Efficacy may be affected
Lifespan can be shorter
Control can be complex
Luminaires
CFLs are really “green”
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Hg (mg)
Environmental impact
of CFLs
50
Hg-dosing (mg)
40
30
20
10
0
Less & less Hg
inside FLs & CFLs
1980
1985
1990
1995
year
2000
2005
2010
EU-RoHS and lamp
Recycling avoids that…
China
GLS - CFL equivalence has to be
revised…
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Integral
CFL

Look alike
CFL

Luminous flux is only an indicator.
Human eye is sensitive to the
brightness
A transparent GLS is 150-200 times
brighter than an “equivalent” CFL
Proposed equivalence: 1 : 4
=
10 W CFL  40 W Incand.
15 W CFL  60 W Incand.
25 W CFL  100 W Incand.
Impact on energy consumption
from 2006 to 2030
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Basic
Consumerist
2030
0,7 %
0,5 %
13,5 %
Power
Light
163
28
55
45
0
60
15
N/A
14
60
N/A
2030
2030
0,7 %
2,0 %
9,0 %
0,7 %
163
38
70
30
0
60
15
N/A
14
60
N/A
Green
0,5 %
22,4 %
163
28
15
75
10
60
15
5
14
60
100
1,0
1,7
0,6
24,8
33,1
24,8
- 30%
+16%
+31%
+55%
- 54%
+16%
Some advices…
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Domain
Energie Savings
Urban
CMHL
Commercial
Tertiairy &
Industrial
Residential
CO2 savings per
annum
Light emitting diodes: the light
sources of future?
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But this is another story…