Transcript JBIC`s Approach to Poverty Issue

JBIC’s Approach to Poverty Issue
Ｍａｙ ２００３
Kunio Hatanaka
Director General
Environment Analysis Department
Japan Bank for International Cooperation
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1. Handbook on Social
Dimensions (1999)
Part I : Project Cycle and Social Dimensions
Part II : Sector Specific Information for
Incorporating Social Dimensions
(1) 11 Sectors and 4 Sub-Sectors : Electric Power, Transportation,
Irrigation, Flood Control, Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries, Water
Supply/Sewerage/Sanitation, Health, Education, Urban/Rural
Community Infrastructure (Electrification, Roads, Micro-finance and
Housing)
(2) Involuntary Resettlement and Land Acquisition
(3) Integration of Poverty Alleviation Components for Each Sector
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2. Poverty Profile
(Since 2001)
Available for 20 Countries, of which 15 Countries are on JBIC
web-site (Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Macedonia,
Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Peru, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Tunisia and
Vietnam)
Compilation of Existing Data
Typical Items in Profile
(1) Statistical Data : Poverty Line, Trends of Poverty Incidence and
Inequality, Regional Disparities in Poverty, Depth and Severity of
Poverty, Profiles of the Poor
(2) Government Policy and Actions for Poverty Reduction : Policy, Plans
and Programs for the Poor,Government Departments Involved, Social
Safety Net Programs, Budget and Expenditures for Social Services etc.
(3) Partnerships for Poverty Reduction : Donor Coordination, NGOs, CSOs
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3. Basic Strategy of
Japan’s ODA Loan
Medium-Term Strategy for Overseas Economic
Cooperation Operations (April 2002)
“ Strengthening Support for Poverty Reduction “
is targeted as one of seven priority areas.
“ Supporting Environmental Improvement and AntiPollution Measures “ as well as “ Addressing Global
Issues “ are also among the seven.
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4. Example of Latest Study
in Vietnam (1)
Commanded to International Food Policy Research
Institute (IFPRI, Washington) in 2002
Objective is to study the patterns of income diversification and its contribution to poverty reduction in the
North Mountain region where the poverty issue is
most critical in Vietnam.
The study is to be finalized soon. Some preliminary
results are as follows.
(1) GDP per capita at constant prices has increased 7 % per year over
1995-2000. Share of crop and livestock production in total GDP has
fallen from 54 % to 47 %, whereas that of industry and services has
increased from 33 % to 44 %.
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4. Example of Latest Study
in Vietnam (2)
(2) The average area cultivated with crops per household has declined
slightly over 1993-1998 in the North Mountain region. So, area
expansion has not contributed to per capita income growth which
was 157 % in nominal terms and 68 % in real terms.
(3) Yield increases have been the largest factor in the growth of the
value of crop production (example : rice yields from 2.7 tons/ha in
1995 to 3.7 tons/ha in 2000). To a lesser extent, price increases
have also contributed.
(4) Diversification from low-value crops to high-value crops has made a
significant contribution to income growth, but its effect has been less
than yield increases.
(5) Diversification in economic activities, namely the shift toward nonfarm activities, has been also observed.
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4. Example of Latest Study
in Vietnam (3)
Final Report is expected to clarify the following points,
based on (i) 2000-01 Vietnam Household Living
Standards Survey (ii) a qualitative assessment using
rapid rural appraisal in the region and (iii) analysis by
a social accounting matrix (SAM).
(1) Describe the patterns of crop diversification and non-farm activities
at the household level,
(2) Estimate the relative importance of various sources of rural income
growth in the region : Yield increases, crop price increases, growth in
livestock and aquaculture, diversification into high-value crops and the
shift toward non-farm activities,
(3) Estimate the relative importance of income diversification and other
sources of income growth in reducing rural poverty,
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4. Example of Latest Study
in Vietnam (4)
(4) Compare different types of income diversification in terms of their
multiplier effects, inter-sectoral linkages and contribution to poverty
reduction,
(5) Examine the constraints including environmental issues that
farmers in the Northern Mountain region face in diversifying into highvalue commodities and non-farm activities,
and
(6) Identify policy options for facilitating the process of diversification
into high-value commodities and non-farm activities.
Finally the study has been carried out in close
collaboration with the World Bank and Vietnamese
Government, the latter is expecting to take its result
into consideration in their future project formulation.
[ End ]
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