Transcript Objectives of the Morning

Measuring Environmental Impacts
David Mell
Knowledge Manager – NERIP
Conversation with NERIP, 7 November 2007
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Slide 1
Measuring Environmental Impacts
140
GDP
index 1990=100
130
120
110
100
90
Kyoto target
Greenhouse gas
emissions
80
70
9 0 99 1 99 2 99 3 99 4 99 5 99 6 99 7 99 8 99 9 00 0 00 1 00 2
9
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Slide 2
Problem? What Problem? …
140
GDP
index 1990=100
130
120
110
100
90
Kyoto target
Greenhouse gas
emissions
80
70
9 0 99 1 99 2 99 3 99 4 99 5 99 6 99 7 99 8 99 9 00 0 00 1 00 2
9
1
1
1
1
1
1
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Slide 3
… the shape of the regional economy
is changing
Manufacturing accounting for less
1992
35%
1997
Percentage of GVA by Sector
Percentage
of North East
GVA
30%
2002
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
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Construction
Primary
Tourism,
Transport,
Distribution
Construction
Business
Services
Tourism,
Transport and
Distribution
Public
Sector
Business
Services
Manufacturing
Public Sector
Manufacturing
0%
Primary
Services accounting for more
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Slide 4
Production and Consumption Perspectives
Place of Production
UK
Abroad
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Production Focus
UK
Abroad
Place of Consumption
Consumption Focus
Goods and
services
produced and
consumed in
UK
Imports:
consumed in
UK, produced
elsewhere
 Complementary


Exports:
produced in
UK, consumed
elsewhere
Rest of the
World

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perspectives
Production:
Efficiency,
technology, etc
Consumption:
Behaviour,
lifestyles, etc
REAP:
Addresses the
consumption
perspective
Slide 5
UK CO2 Emissions
CO2 emissions t/cap
12
Other
Government
10
Capital investment
8
Household
6
4
2
0
Emissions from
production
Emissions from
consumption
10.76 t/cap
11.81 t/cap
Understanding whether numbers are quoted from a production or
consumption perspective is vital
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Slide 6
Ecological Footprint
The land area required to provide
continuously all the natural
resources and services for the
consumption of a given
population wherever that land
might be
Measured in global
hectares per capita
(gha/cap)
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Slide 7
Comparative Ecological Footprints
 W Europe 5.1gha/cap
 UK:
5.4gha/cap
 USA:
9.5gha/cap
 China:
1.5gha/cap
 World:
•
•
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Supply
1.8gha/cap
Demand 2.2gha/cap
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Slide 8
The challenge for regional
development
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Slide 9
Overview of






Resources and Energy Analysis Program
Key outputs
•
•
Ecological Footprint (gha/capita)
Carbon Footprint (tonnes CO2/capita)
Based on detailed analysis of how the UK
economy works
Has a consumption focus
Can be used to make environmental assessments
of policy
Developed by the Stockholm Environment
Institute
•
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WWF and SCP-Net are key partners
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Slide 10
REAP User Interface
NE Footprint
= 5.185
gha/cap
Final
demands
of the
economy
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Slide 11
Footprints can be disaggregated by type of
consumption
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Slide 12
Using REAP as an interactive
database


Explore footprints by geography
Explore components of footprints
easi
wear
hart
sedg
wans
derw
sund
midd
redc
gate
sout
stoc
ches
blyt
darl
tees
nort
alnw
berw
durh
newc
tyne
cast
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
EFP (gha/cap)
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Slide 13
North East Household Footprint: Top 10 Sources
Food
Domestic fuel and land
consumption
Catering services
Electricity and gas
distribution
Private transport (car fuel)
Transport services
Other recreational items &
equipment
UK resident holidays abroad
Purchase of vehicles
Household appliances
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Slide 14
Consumption behaviour is measured using over
100 separate variables
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Slide 15
We can explore policy options by creating
scenarios ….
Modify one or more consumption behaviour variables
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Slide 16
… and looking at the impacts
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Slide 17
Key points

REAP measures impact of consumption behaviour
•
•
Outputs: footprint measures (CO2, ecological)
Inputs: consumption behaviour (~100 variables)
 Policy scenarios
• Views of how consumption behaviour might change in
•
response to policy interventions
Effect of such changes on footprint measures
 The holy alliance
• Policy wonks and modelling nerds
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Slide 18
But does this mean anything in the
real world ?

Examples of REAP in action
•
•
•
•

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Evaluation of housing policy: Leeds City Region
Tees Valley Footprint Report
Evaluation of impact of regional strategies on climate
change: Y&H Assembly
Up and coming: evaluation of sustainable transport
policy
Consumption perspective (REAP)
•
•
Influencing individual behaviour
Regional vs local roles
Production perspective
•
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Other tools: REEIO, development of regional
environmental accounts (DUBS Model)
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Slide 19
Measuring Environmental Impact
Regional stages of development
 Stage 1: Awareness
•
•
•
Aware of need to engage with tools like REAP and REEIO
Cautious policy users, sometimes frustrated technical users
Evaluations contracted out
 Stage 2: Stepping Forward
•
•
•
Policy and technical users starting to work together
Developing evidence base that is influencing key regional
documents
Clear home for the evidence base agreed
 Stage 3: The confidently capable region
•
•
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Policy users can frame ideas in terms of “evidence base”
Technical users extending/developing the “evidence base”
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Slide 20