Transcript Measuring HDI

Warmup
• What must federal states have in order for
them to be federal rather than unitary?
Oh, and have your
cell phone out.
Core-periphery grading: Map
1. No key
2. Uncolored
3. Not detailed enough
4. Countries aren’t continents
5. Really?
6. What country is this?
7. ???
Core-periphery grading: Essay
1. At least 3 maps
2. Use different indicators
3. Be specific
4. Should be at least ½ page
Measuring Social and
Economic Development
A Look at the Human Development Index (HDI)
Understanding Indexes
• What is an index?
• An index is a composite of indicators that
produces a single calculation which can then be
ranked.
Let’s look at some examples!!
The Big Mac Index
Click here to watch a short
informational video about
the “Big Mac Index”
Other Common Indexes
Click here to see
the 2008 rankings
Click here to see the indicators
that make up the index
The Body Mass Index
Click here to calculate your
own body mass index.
The imperial bmi formula accepts weight measurements in pounds & height measurements in either inches or feet.
Table: Imperial BMI Formula
(Weight in pounds *
703 )
BMI =
————————————
( lbs/inches² )
height in inches²
BMI
Weight Status
Below 18.5
Underweight
18.5 -24.9
Normal
25 - 29.9
Overweight
30 & Above
Obese
Name
Height
Weight
BMI
Tom Brady
6’4″
225 lbs
27
Kobe Bryant
6’6″
200 lbs
25
Matt Damon
5’11″
187 lbs
26
Johnny Depp
5’7″
190 lbs
27
Vin Diesel
6’2″
200 lbs
26
Lebron James
6’8″
240 lbs
26
Michael Jordan
6’6″
216 lbs
25
Yao Ming
7’6″
310 lbs
27
Brad Pitt
6’0″
203 lbs
28
Andy Roddick
6’2″
197 lbs
25
Will Smith
6’2″
210 lbs
27
Denzel Washington
6’0″
199 lbs
27
Tom Cruise
5’7″
201 lbs
31
The Rock (Dwayne
Johnson)
6’5″
275 lbs
33
Another Formula
• Adult Body Fat % = (1.20 x BMI) + (0.23 x
Age) - (10.8 x gender) - 5.4
where male gender= 1, female=0.
And another…
• Procedure:
•
•
1) Multiply your bodyweight by 1.082. Add the result to
94.42.
2) Multiply your waist girth by 4.15. Once you get this
result, subtract it from the number obtained in step 1 (
3) Finally, subtract your lean bodyweight from your total
bodyweight (Total weight-Lean Bodyweight). Once you
get the result, multiply that number by 100. Once you get
the result divide it by your total bodyweight. This final
result is your percentage of body fat.
Economic & Social Indexes
• Economic and social indexes are like those we just
talked about except they include economic and social
data (such as income, educational attainment, health,
etc.) rather than wind speeds, body weight, and the
like.
The Human Development Index (HDI)
…is the best known composite index
of social and economic wellbeing…
How the UNDP Measures
Human Development
• The HDI consists of three equally
•
•
•
weighted components:
(1) “A long and healthy life” (Health)
(2) “Knowledge” (Education)
(3) “A decent standard of living” (Wealth)
Deconstructing Each Measure
• Each component of the HDI is measured
•
•
•
•
•
•
in the following way:
Health
Measured by life expectancy at birth.
Education
Measured as a combination of adult
literacy (with two-thirds weight) and gross
enrollment (with one-third weight).
Wealth
Measured by GDP per capita.
Calculating HDI:
The United States
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Click here to access an
calculator.
In the United interactive
States, in HDI
2005:
The average life expectancy was 77.9.
The adult literacy rate was 99%.
The gross enrollment rate was 93.3%.
The GDP per capita was $41,890.
The HDI was .951.
The HDI ranking was 12th.
U.S. HDI = .951
What does it mean that the U.S. ranks
12th in the world with an HDI of .951?
The IMF’s GDP Per Capita
Rankings (2006)
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
1
Luxembourg ($80,471) 11 United Kingdom ($35,051)
2
Ireland ($44,087)
12 Finland ($34,819)
3
Norway ($43,574)
13 Belgium ($34,478)
4
5
United States ($43,444) 14 Sweden ($34,409)
As you
15 Qatar ($33,049)
Iceland ($40,277)
6
Switzerland ($37,369)
16
7
Denmark ($36,549)
17
8
Austria ($36,031)
18
9
Canada ($35,494)
19
10
Netherlands ($35,078)
20
can see here,
the
United States has the
Australia
($32,938)
fourth
highest GDP per capita
Singapore
($32,867)
in the world. The question is:
Japan ($32,647)
how well is the United States
Germany ($31,095)
using its income to bring
Italy ($30,732)
about human development?
Is the HDI Enough to Measure a
Country’s Level of Development?
• According to the UNDP, the answer is:
• “Not at all.”
• “The concept of human development is much
broader than what can be captured in the HDI, or
any other composite indices…”
• “The HDI and the other composite indices can only
offer a broad proxy on some of the key the issues of
human development…”
• “A fuller picture of a country's level of human
development requires analysis of other human
development indicators and information.”
A Sampling of Other
Development Indexes
The Economist’s “Quality of Life” Index
UNICEF’s “Child-Welfare” Index
The “Happy Planet” Index
The UNDP’s “Human Poverty Index”
The UNDP’s “Gender Empowerment
Measure”
• International Living’s “Quality of Life” Index
• The “Global Peace Index”
• Freedom House’s “Freedom Rankings”
•
•
•
•
•
Three Issues to Consider
When Evaluating
Indexes Like the HDI
1) Validity
2) Reliability
3) Parsimony
Validity
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•
•
•
•
What is the index supposed to measure?
What indicators make up the index?
Are these the best indicators for this index?
How are the indicators calculated?
Are there better ways to calculate these
indicators?
• In short, how well does the index actually
measure what it is supposed to be
measuring?
Reliability
• Who or what organization collected the
data?
• How were the data collected?
• In short, if you or someone else were to try
to replicate the index would you end up
with more or less the same results?
Parsimony
• The whole point of an index is to simplify
the measurement of a particular
phenomenon.
• In short, does the index rely upon as few
indicators as reasonably possible without
undermining its validity?
And another…
• Procedure:
•
•
1) Multiply your bodyweight by 1.082. Add the result to
94.42.
2) Multiply your waist girth by 4.15. Once you get this
result, subtract it from the number obtained in step 1 (
3) Finally, subtract your lean bodyweight from your total
bodyweight (Total weight-Lean Bodyweight). Once you
get the result, multiply that number by 100. Once you get
the result divide it by your total bodyweight. This final
result is your percentage of body fat.
Writing Exercise
• How would you define human development?
• Specifically, what indicators would you focus
•
on if you were trying to measure human
development?
Would you measure human development
differently than the Human Development
Index (HDI)? Why or why not? Explain.
What’s the Economy For, Anyway?
A Project of the Center for Communication and Civic Engagement
at the University of Washington.
• http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/data/calcul
ator/
The UNDP’s HDI Rankings (2005)
1 Iceland (.968)
11 Finland (.951)
2 Norway (.968)
12 United States (.951)
3 Australia (961)
13 Spain (.949)
4 Canada
(.960)here to
14 access
Denmark an
(.949)
Click
interactive
5
6
7
8
graph
Ireland
(.959)shows
15how
Austria
(.948)
which
some
countries do better
Sweden
16turning
United Kingdom
(.946)
than(.956)
others in
income
into education
Switzerland
(.955) opportunities
17 Belgium (.946)and therefore into
and health
Japan (.953)
18 Luxembourg
(.944)
higher levels
of human
development.
9 Netherlands (.953) 19 New Zealand (.943)
10 France (.952)
20 Italy (.941)