Transcript Лекция №

Lecture №11
Theme: the Financial system.
Monetary circulation and
banks.
 THE PLAN:
 1. Essence and functions of the finance.
System of the finance.
 2. Public finances. Taxes and their
functions. The state budget.
 3. The monetary circulation law. Factors
influencing quantity of money.
 4. Inflation and its reasons, kinds.
 5. Concept of the credit, credit function.
 6. Bank system and its role.
Credit – financial relations are the
relations connected with money
resources (market economy bases
make commodity – monetary
relations).
Society finance is an education
system and uses of funds of the
monetary resources necessary for
maintenance of reproduction.
Financial relations is a set of the
economic relations arising between
the states and the enterprises, the
organisations, branches, regions
and separate citizens in connection
with movements of funds.
Subjects of financial relations
 Relations between the state and the
enterprise;
 The relation between the enterprises
and banks;
 Relations between the enterprises;
 Relations between manufacture and
consumption spheres;
 Relations between the state and the
population;
Functions of the finance is its
display, concrete visibilities,
essence of the finance in economic
activities.
Functions of the finance:
 1) Distributive:
 A.Pervichnaja – distribution which
occurs in manufacture and is
connected with distribution of GNP
and НД among economic subjects
and transformation into monetary
forms
 B.Pereraspredelenie through the
state budget
 2) Stimulating is that that financial
assets makes active economic
activities of economic subjects
(taxes, grants, duties)
 3) Social protection is a financial
maintenance of the minimum living
wage to certain layers, members of
a society, i.e. a financial guarantee
 4) the Economic information – data
and messages on financial results
of activity of economic subjects and
society economic activities that is
necessary in management of
economy
The auditor service – carries out the
analysis of financial and economic
activity, makes examination of
reports and prepares the
information, does conclusions
about a financial position of the
enterprises, firms, the companies.
 The financial mechanism is a set
of forms and methods of the
practical organisation of financial
relations.

Set of financial relations in a
society is called as system of the
finance.
Into a financial system enter also
creation of various funds:
 Special funds (fund of rescue of
Arala, fund "Умид");
 Fund for charity;
 Religious funds (fund Vakf);
 Insurance fund;
Public finances are a relation
concerning transformation of part
НД and НБ in monetary funds of
the state organisations, the
enterprises and maintenance and
their economic growth, satisfaction
of cumulative requirements of
members of a society, distribution
of use for country management.
The state budget – the basic
financial plan of the state, the main
link of a financial system. Its main
appointment by means of financial
assets and mechanisms to create
conditions for stable development
of economy and the decision of the
state social problems.
Types of tax:
 The general;
 The individual;
 The profit tax;
 Payments on insurance;
 Indirect (customs and пошлинные);
State budget expenses:
 Expenses for manufacture development, i.e.
investments;
 Charges of social sphere;
 Charges of machinery of state;
 Expenses for defence and military expenses;
 Stocks for unforeseen economic
circumstances (earthquake, accidents);
 The reference of money – constant
movement of money in economic
circulation and uninterrupted
performance of the functions.
 The monetary circulation law
says: the quantity of money
necessary for the reference during
the certain period changes in direct
ratio speeds of a turn of money.
The monetary circulation formula:
 TO = СЦТ / СДО
 СЦТ = the sum of the prices of the
goods
 СДО = speed of a turn of money
Factors influencing quantity of
money (on Keynes)
 Necessity of money for payments.
 Time (just in case) accumulation of
money and the necessary time, release
their reference.
 Accumulation of riches in the form of
monetary denominations.
 Inflation – the depreciation of
paper money accompanied by a
rise in prices for the goods and
services.
The reasons of inflation of money
 The factors of inflation connected with
the offer of money:

Internal factors:
 1. A budgeted deficit
 2. A currency issue – has grown on the
market new monetary банкнотов issue
increase
 3. Кредиторная эспансия banks –
when banks reduce loan percent
 External factors:
 The state is increased by an external debt,
the more an external debt, the more inflation.
 Конвертанция on hard currency.

 2) the Factors of inflation
connected with demand of money:
 The internal:
 1. The monopolies giving a great
bulk of the goods dictate the price
in the market.
 2. Military expenses.
 3. Increase in long-term capital
investments.
 4. A rise in prices for the goods and
 The external:
 1. The international factor
 2. A rise in prices for means of
production in the world market
 3. The structural crises of world
economy connected with reduction
of natural resources conducts to
rise in price of factors of
manufacture in all countries
(manufacture reduction)
The credit is a relation between a society,
labour collective and the workers, developing
at formation, use and transfers of means to
time using on the terms of promptness,
reflexivities of payment of percent.
Credit functions:
 Release of the instruments of payment,
equal to money (the bill, the check, the
certificate)
 Transformation of free money resources
into the functioning capital
 By delivery of money resources in the loan
will provide movement of funds in
manufacture among various branches
 Stimulation of economic growth through
means of claiming from the loan and loan
Categories of credit:
 The short-term credit (till 1 year);
 The intermediate term credit (from 3 till 5
years);
 The long-term credit (over 5 years);
 The private credit (gives out on individual
conditions);
The formula of level of percent
 УП = ПС / КС *100
 УП - percent level
 ПС – percent on the loan
 КС – quantity of the loan
The factors operating on level of
percent:
 1. Supply and demand relations in the
market of money
 2. Potrebitelnaja cost of money
 3. Conditions and terms of payment (return)
of the loan
 4. What money the loan stands out
 5. A rate of inflation
 6. Use of money in other forms of the
capital than to give out it in the loan
Bank – the financial structure which
collects, stores, accumulates
money resources, supervises
monetary references, making
взаиморасчёты with clients, giving
credits, letting out securities and
money.