The Federal Reserve
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Transcript The Federal Reserve
The Federal Reserve
Chevalier
Spring 2015
Warm-Up: Review Notes
To pursue an expansionary monetary policy, what
would the Fed do to the three tools of monetary
policy?
What is the Fed’s most important job?
What type of monetary policy would the Fed
pursue during a recession? Contractionary or
expansionary?
Which group of the Federal Reserve’s policy making
body controls the money supply?
The ease with which an asset can be converted into
cash is called _________?
The money that banks must hold to secure deposits
is known as ____________?
The Federal Reserve Act was sign in what year and
by what president?
Janet Yellen
Yellen’s Critics
Economic Philosophy:
Keynesian
Phillips Curve
Inverse relationship between unemployment and
inflation
Allowing inflation to rise could be a wise and humane
policy if it increases output
Each percentage point reduction in inflation results in
4.4% loss in GDP
Structure of the FED
Board of Governors- 7 members appointed by the
President and confirmed in the Senate with a SM vote
They serve 14 year terms
one appointment becomes vacant every two years for
reasons of experience
job is to supervise and regulate the FED
Structure of the FED
FOMC- 7 members of the Board of governors and 5
presidents of member banks
they decide monetary policy
12 FED Banks
Check-Clearing
Monetary Policy
The expansion or contraction of the money supply
to influence the cost and availability of credit
In other words, how easy will money be available?
will fluctuate the availability of money based on
economic factors (inflation, unemployment, GDP)
3 tools of monetary policy
Changing the discount rate- the rate at which the
FED lends money to members banks
to raise it makes borrowing more expensive for banks
and less likely for them to extend credit (money
supply contracts)
to lower it makes borrowing less expensive for banks
and more likely for them to extend credit (money
supply expands)
3 tools of Monetary Policy
Open Market Operations- the buying and selling of
US Treasury bonds
when bonds are bought by the FED, checks written by
the FED add to reserves, expanding the money supply
when bonds are sold by the FED, checks written by
buyers subtract from reserves, contracting the money
supply
3 Tools of Monetary
Supply
Reserve Requirement- The percentage of customer
deposits a bank must hold as cash in reserve (in
their vaults)
The FED can raise the R.R. (banks must hold a larger
percentage of deposits as cash, reducing available
funds to lend out; this contracts the money supply)
3 Tools of Monetary Policy
The Fed can lower the R.R. (banks can hold a
smaller percentage of customer deposits
to find out total amount of money created with a
single deposit, the equation is
deposit amount/R.R.
Easy Money vs. Tight
Money Policy
Easy money policy is the expansion of the money
supply by making credit less expensive to obtain
Tight money policy is the contraction of the money
supply by making credit more expensive to obtain
Other Monetary Policy
Tools
Moral suasion- communication between banks, the
government, and citizens
Selective Credit controls- rules on who can borrow
money