Transcript albanian emigration 1989-2001

UNECE/Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics
ALBANIAN EMIGRATION 1989-2001
Emira GALANXHI,
INSTAT, ALBANIA
The 1990s are often referred to as years
of large-scale international migration
but in the Albanian case is the
magnitude of the phenomenon of
emigration which is remarkable
because:
Emigration in Albania
• 1)
It has started in July 1990 with nearly 5000
persons entered the embassies in Tirana of
countries such as Italy, Germany, France and
asked to leave the country.
• 2) This migration has continued and included
the whole country was caught up in a general state
of civil unrest, which claimed hundreds of lives in
the tragic events of 1997.
Emigration in Albania
3. This migration has largely affected the younger
population, which over the long term will affect
not just the demography of the country but also
social and economic developments there as well.
4. This emigration still continues but now it include
the educated people that leave the country for
going to USA and Canada.
Demographic changes during the transition,
1990-2001
The transition of Albanian society has been
accompanied by changes in the demographic
structure of the country. These changes have
affected all demographic components:
• a. Fertility
• b. Mortality
• c. Migration.
Pyramids on 1989 and 2001
10
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
10
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Male
Female
Male
Female
Fertility
• The TFR on 1989 was 3.02 children per
woman,
• In 2001 TFR was 2.31 children per woman
Estimate 1:
Sex
Enumerated
population
01/04/1989
Natural
Growth
19892001
Estimated
Expected Enumerated
number of
population population
emigrants at
01/04/2001 01/04/2001
01/04/2001
Males
Females
1,638,074
1,544,342
303,521
300,853
1,941,595
1,845,195
1,529,682
1,538,018
411,913
307,177
Total
3,182,416
604,374
3,786,790
3,067,700
719,090
Percentage
of estimates
emigrant
over the
expected
population
21.2
16.6
19.0
Estimate 2:
-50000
-40000
-30000
-20000
-10000
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
Estimates, from censuses abroad (or other sources)
The number of Albanian citizens is:
• In Greece 438,000
• In Italy 173,000
• In the US census, there were 44,913
persons of Albanian “ancestry”, foreignborn and entered from 1990 to March 2000.
• In Canada, 6,000 Albanians according to
the census.
• In registers, there were 12,000 Albanians in
Germany; 1,00 in Switzerland.
Italy and Greece:
According to censuses:
• 16,500 of the Albanian citizens in Italy
• 13,000 in Greece; in the census year
Around 30.000 emigrants - partly balanced by
Albanian returning home yearly
Annual net emigration is about 19,000.
Italy and Greece:
Figure 1. Age pyramid of the emigrated population in 2001
80-84
Females, calculation
FEMALES
MALES
Males, calculation
70-74
Females, Italy+Greece
Males, Italy+Greece
60-64
50-54
40-44
30-34
20-24
10-14 y
0-4 y
80.00
60.00
40.00
20.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
Thousands Age
Emigration impact on economy
The remittances are one of the main pillars of the
Albanian economy
Their contribution is estimated at around 15% of
GDP for a ten years period
58.8% of the trade balance for the same period
Emigration impact on the labour market
•
•
•
•
The employment of Albanian emigrants on
the the hosting countries has enriched them
with:
a general culture of labour management
ethic on work
knowledge for the new sectors of economy
new technologies
The transfer of the knowledge home will
accompany their return
Emigration impact on the labour market
1. The opportunity to emigrate helps to
reduce the level of unemployment
2. Smoothen difficult socio-economic
conditions.
Conclusions
 Better collaborations between statistical offices
 It would be very useful for us to have real data and
not estimates.
 It will be important to have information not only
on citizenship, but also on country of birth and
country of birth of parents (to take into account
naturalizations and births from Albanian parents)
 Information on returning emigrants is also
important
 specific sample surveys could be envisaged
between Albania and hosts country