Dollarization In El Salvador
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Transcript Dollarization In El Salvador
Dollarization In El
Salvador
Nelson
Sandeep Kumar
Introduction
One benefit of a global economy is the ability to help
other countries
Reasons may be for personal benefit or goodwill
One way is through Dollarization
Introduction
Some countries will use foreign currency in an attempt
to help their economy
Some countries who have done this include Ecuador,
Panama, and El Salvador
We will be covering the Dollarization of El Salvador
Economic Background
Population of 7,066,403
Smallest country in the American Continent
El Salvador is the third largest economy in that region,
behind Costa Rica and Panama
GDP per capita is $5,800
Still considered a developing country
Economic Background
National currency was the Colon
had a permanent exchange rate of 8.75 to the dollar
Is among the 10 poorest countries in Latin America
Approximately 2.4 million people live below poverty
line (30.7%)
GDP is lower then neighbors
6% of population is unemployed
Economic Background
The also suffer heavy underemployment
Natural disaster like earthquakes and hurricane have
hurt the economy
Also face inequality in distribution of income
In 1999, The richest 20% received 45% of the income and
the poorest 20% only got 5.6%
Economic Background
Have experienced mixed results from changes in fiscal
policies
GDP has been growing an average of 2.8% annually since
1996
Inflation has averaged 3% annually since 1997
depends greatly on exports and remittances
In 2005, 16% lived in extreme poverty, without
remittances this figure would be 37%
Dollarization Background
Dollarization happens when foreign currency is used in
conjunction with or instead of the domestic currency
Can occur in 3 different instances
Unofficially
Semiofficially
Officially
The term refers to any currency, not just U.S. Dollars
Dollarization Background
Benefits Include:
- Increased economic growth rate
- Elimination of exchange rate risk
- Increase in foreign investments
- Lower interest rates
Dollarization Background
More Benefits
- Greater inflow of foreign capital into the economy
- Promotes fiscal discipline, and efficient financial
system, and the adoption of financial reforms
- Stabilized inflation
Dollarization Background
Drawbacks Include
- Loss of control of interest rates and money supply
- Restrictions on last resort lending
- elimination of the government’s ability to generate
seigniorage (revenue from issuing domestic money)
- Being tied to another country’s economy even in bad
times
Dollarization Agreement
President Francisco Florez (ARENA)
FMLN- Previously the Guerrilla
Currency Effects on The poor
Prices for consumer goods and services were rounded
up
$1 dollar=8.75 colones
1 U.S. Penny=0.11 salvadorean cents
Conversion problems and no change back
EX. before dollarization bus fare 2.00 colones
2.00 colones x 1.00 dollar/8.75 colones=0.228 dollar
Legal Minimum Wages
$0.80 cents an hour
$6.41 Daily
$192 Monthly
That’s if you have a job and earn the minimum wages
Local Supermarket Products
4 pounds bag of beans=$4.39
Colgate 360 toothbrush=$1.95 each
2 x 160 grams of Tuna cans= $3.57
Source: superselectos.com
INFlATION: ÍNDICE DE PRECIOS AL
CONSUMIDOR 1/
Base Diciembre de 1992 = 100
Variación Anual
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1.5
3.1
-0.5
5.5
0.9
2.8
2.4
5.7
3.3
5.6
4.7
1.3
2.6
0.2
4.8
1.4
2.7
2.6
5.3
3.8
4.8
5.8
1.5
2
0.5
4.9
1.7
2.4
3
4.8
4
5.1
6
2.7
0.1
1.1
5
2
2
3.9
4.4
4.2
4.4
6.8
3.5
-1
2.4
4.5
1.8
1.9
4.8
4.4
3.6
3.9
8.4
3.2
-1.2
3.6
3.5
2.3
1.6
4.6
4.3
4.4
3.7
9
2.8
-1.1
2.9
3.6
2.5
1
5.3
4.1
5.6
3.2
9.6
2.2
0.1
3.4
3.5
1.8
1.7
5.2
4.2
4.7
3.6
9.9
1.5
1.5
3.3
3.3
1.4
2.1
5.4
4.4
4.2
4.3
8.7
1.9
2
2.7
2.3
2.5
2.3
5.5
5.9
1.9
5.4
7.4
4.3
-0.7
3.4
3
1.4
2.6
5.4
4.6
3.9
6.2
4.2
-1
4.3
1.4
2.8
2.5
5.4
4.3
4.9
4.9
Remittances From 1999 to 2008
Million Dollars
Yearly Remitances From The U.S.
4000
2000
0
1
2
3
4
5
Year
6
7
8
9
Remittances from The U.S.
2008 Montly Remitances
400
338.4
300
275.5
353.4
334.4
332.1
305.7
298.3
304.7
250
200
150
100
50
Au
gu
st
Se
pt
em
be
r
Ju
ly
Ju
ne
Au
gu
st
Ap
ri l
ar
ch
M
Fe
br
ua
ry
ry
0
Ja
nu
a
Million Dollars
350
338.5
Inflation for the Consumer from 1998 to 2007
Inflation Mean
10.000
8.000
6.000
4.000
2.000
0.000
1
2
3
4
5
Year
6
7
8
9
10
Million Dollars
El Salvador's Trade Deficit
0
-1000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-2000
-3000 -2163-2189-2626
-3024-3271
-4000
-3964
-4019
-5000
-4697
Year
Source: EL salvador’s federal reserve bank
Conclusion
Dollarization
Good
Bad
In the long run