Transcript DTU – Insead, November 11, 2005. Globalisation – its impact on Asia

DTU – Insead, November 11, 2005.
Globalisation – its impact on Asia
By Adjunct Professor at CBS, Visiting Senior Research Fellow at ISEAS, J.
Ørstrøm Møller.
www.oerstroemmoeller.com
Prelude
Potential versus reality.
- The potential is an unprecedented shift in power structure.
- The reality is whether it will be allowed to happen and if so the
circumstances.
The bad news. All the ingredients known from the world wide
depression in 1929 are smiling at us – like the Cheshire cat in Alice
in wonderland. Too much liquidity chasing assets instead of
productive investment. The bubble(s) will burst.
Japanese stockmarket. Then Japanese property market. Third
Nasdaq/IT bubble. Fourth property bubble (US, UK).
Prelude
Three rules of thumps announcing a melt down.
- Liquidity chases fast profits trading assets.
- Anyone can make money in the market.
- Exponential rise in asset prices.
All three are here – right now.
The good news:
May be China and India. If the US allows them to
step in.
1. Current Trends
Business cycle. Global growth peaked in summer 2004. Falling
since.
Electronic cycle does not look promising.
Economic policies in major countries (primarily US) is not any
longer expansive.
Profit outlook for US discouraging.
Oil price impoverish the global economy.
Main culprit US economy with strong and persistent imbalances.
Deficit on balance of payment about (↑) 5% and rising in the
phase of the businesscycle when it should be falling. What does it
tell us about competitiveness and growth disparity.
1. Current Trends
Deficit on public finances about 4% and rising.
US National Debt October 31, 2005 at 04.32.33 AM GMT: $
8,022,865,293,257.95. It rises with 1,63 billion
USdollar….every day. 8.78% % of US GNP per year; 239% of
DKs GNP! http://brillig.com/debt_clock/ . The Federal Gov
liabilities and long term commitment (Social Security and
Medicare) have risen from just over 20 trillion USdollars in
2000 to 43 trillion in 2004. 150.000 Usdollar for every
American. Approx 215 times DKs GNP!
Imbalances in Japan. Almost the opposite of US. Japanese
recovery? Monetary policy?
Europe? Nothing much happens there.
China and India revert later
2) The global economy is a roller coaster having derailed in a
curve continuing out in the free airspace!
What makes the global economy ticks: US consume. China
(and India) produces. Low costs in Asia keep global inflation
down. FED is splashing out liquidity. The global financial
markets are transferring funds from relatively poor countries
(China) to relatively rich countries (USA) despite being
designed to do the opposite The whole dump show is financed
by Japan and China /Greater China accumulating USdollars as
a substitute for consumption but how long can you live eating
greenbacks? Come and buy a chunk of the wild west!
Keywords: Under-consumption in Asia, over-consumption
in US. Over-production in Asia, under-production in USA.
71% of US GNP consumption ctr trend = 67%. EU = 58%,
Japan = 55%, China = 42%. US personal savings are
negative. EU = 14%, Japan = 8%, China = 35%. (per cent
of GNP).
Adjustment must and will take place. Transfer of purchasing
power/economic strength from US to Asia. It can be done in one of the
following ways:
- Economic policies primarily in US. Fiscal policy. Monetary policy.
- Currency rate changes.
- Protectionism
- Let the market do it not knowing what will happen.
Where are we right now? Tighten your safety belts.
Which factors will stop it
- Until now the job market and private incomes are still holding but how
long?
- Asian unwillingness to produce without being paid – a change of
preferences production/consumption in China. Jobs in China  New
cohorts, restructuring, immigration etc.
- US real interest rate gets to a level corresponding to the trend growth
of US (approx 3-3,5 %). Nominal short-term rate now 4% after twelve
consecutive increases Forecasts for spring/summer 2006 5 may be
5,5% Long term steady at 6%
Can the world function with savings surplus in developing (poor) nations
and dis-savings in developed (rich) nations?
3) The shift from US to China and India
a) Economics
China is the factory of the world, pricesetter for industrial goods and
offer technology. PPP second largest economy, largest recipient of
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI).
India Measured in official exchange rates Chinas share of global GNP is
about 3%, India about 1,4%. BUT PPP gives about 13% respectively
about 7%. China and India 80% of US GNP. Add in Japan, Korea an
Southeast Asia equals 125%.
India is the servicecenter for the world, price setter for service goods
and offers solutions. Fourth largest economy (PPP).
3) The shift from US to China and India
b)
Total communication. Nomads.
China 402 mio subscribers on mobile phones end 2005. India 60 million
subscribers on mobile phones. 2 million more every month.
Handphone starts to become credit card, key to our doors
About 103 mio Chinese on internet. Broadband user 2005: US 39 mio,
China 34 mio. Prognosis for 2007. China 57 mio – US 54 mio. SMS
China 6 billion in ONE DAY! New language emerges. Prognoses 2010.
China globally number one PCs 178 mio. India 80 mio.
Cernet2, IPv6. 3G technology.
EU-Commission forecast. About 2010 China surpasses EU  R&D as
per cent of GNP.
4) What makes the Asian economy tick
The Asian economy has changed completely. Not an annex to the US
economy or the global economy. Self sustained and integrated.
Two flywheels. Production – outsourcing- supply chain. Consumption –
middle class – urbanization - branding- young YOUNG consumer.
Outsourcing – computercontrolled container transport – Free Trade
areas (FTAs) – 90% of all intra-Asia trade less than 5% tariffs – air
freight 1% of volume but 35% of value VOUW!
First half 2005. 24% increase in bilateral trade China-Asean to a total of
60 billion Usdollars.
4) What makes the Asian economy tick
China is the spider in the center of the net.
Intra-Regional Trade - The Pivotal Role of China
Exports to
Exports to
2003
China as %
China as %
of total exports of export growth
Hong Kong
30.2
50.4
Taiwan
15.4
80.6
Japan
12.2
67.6
Korea
18.1
36.2
Singapore
16.5
18.0
Thailand
12.4
22.1
Malaysia
8.2
11.2
China
Share of the
US Market (%)
1996
2003
1.8
0.6
10.6
6.4
28.7
11.4
8.8
7.2
12.1
4.1
3.3
2.3
9.5
8.8
8.5
22.4
4) What makes the Asian economy tick
But the coin has two sides:
Decreasing growth in China’s import (from a
monthly average growth of 35% in 2004 to 15% in
2005.) puts a squeeze on the economic growth in the
rest of South East Asia – from 5,5% in 2004 to 4,4%
in 2005
a) Private consumption vital for sustainable growth in Asia and
consequently vital for global growth.
The middle class will be decisive.
Few people realises what global cities signifies. The trendsetters live
in global cities finding themselves at ease inside this cultural
framework. The Hubconcept. Branding, comsumer preferences.
L´Oreal, Avon, Christian Dior, LVM.
Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou-Hong Kong-Macau, Mumbai,
Kolkatta, may be Tokyo. Subhubs Bangkok, Saigon, SingaporeJohore, Sydney. Many more.
Centre-Periphery-Hinterland.
All the new hubs will be in Asia. All. Not a single one outside Asia.
b) Not only that. Mass consumption. Recall
Rostow’s theory of economic development with
mass consumption as the crucial stage? Ask
Walmart, Carrefour, Metro. They are here
expanding like a sparkler. Or Wumart established
in 1995, 453 stores, revenue of more than 300 mio
Usdollars, profitable (25 mio Usdollar) and
Chinese.
c) Now listen to this.
Every time consumption takes one percent point
more of GNP consumption goes up with 70 mia
Usdollars (approx 40% of DKs GNP).
Now 17,4% of urban households in China income
 5.000 Usdollars. In 2014  90% with an annual
increase of 24%.
In the next decade or two between 100 and 200
million Chinese will emigrate from the
countryside to the cities. Impact on investment and
consumption.
5) The strength of the Asian economies
A) Positive Scenarium.
- China and India keeps growing. Economic center moves across the
Pacific.
- The international system adjusts to this new situation. The world sees
a peaceful and orderly transformation from an American dominated
economy to a global economy with China and India in the drivers seat.
- New technology paves the way for a new investment cycle.
- The demographic and environmental problems is under control.
Terrorism, international crime, infectious diseases are not allowed to
derail the global economy.social and infrastructure investment
repercussion.
5) The strength of …
B) Negative scenarium.
-The ice cream gateau slides too fast. China and India cannot make up
for the vacuum created by the weakening US economy.
- The global economy comes under pressure. US is not strong enough
any longer to exercise control and no one else in sight. Rising egoism
and rising threat of protectionism heralds the day.
- NOIC appears just over the horizon. Gradually we move away from a
global model towards a more national model. A more destructive world
emerges breaking with may of the hitherto unchallenged ideas.
The decisive factor will be private consumption in Asia primarily
China.
6) Implications for Danish enterprises –
A sketch.
a) The Chinese market. Phenomenal, great, exponential
increases, unlimited, infinite, the sales curve goes through
the roof - but are these sayings also true for YOUR
product?
Competition right now in China is cut throat. Profits are
difficult to obtain. The cemetery is full of companies haven
broken their neck there.
It is not a lane for cyclist with guaranteed tailwind. Many
fiascos, many obstacles, many disappointments.
Case in point: Bare-foot lawyers!
First lesson: Do your homework; that is why you are here!
b) But then why bother? Why run the risks, take the
trouble. Because:
Growing market, increasing returns to scale.
Trendsetters are to be found here
Your competitors are here, absorbing new trends
Do you prefer to meet your future competitors
(Asian/Chinese companies) here with an offensive
strategy or at home with a defensive strategy?
Long term perspective: look at partners.
Second lesson: James Bond, George Patton.
c) How to survive and ultimately prosper?
Be ahead of the curve and shift incessantly
upwards
Integrate product concept in your thinking
Combine product with accompanying services
Tap China for talent and human resources.
Who adapts? Our company, our competitors?
Why does it matter?
Third lesson: Do it differently, some kind of blue
ocean strategy.
d) Ultimate lesson: If you can prosper on the
Chinese market you have secured your
competitive edge, if not you have to fight a
relegation battle on terms defined by others.
J. Ørstrøm Møller
www.oerstroemmoeller.com
6) Cont: Conclusion and Forecast.
Keywords. Trends
- Asian economic integration
- US decline
J. Ørstrøm Møller
www.oerstroemmoeller.com