Transcript 1 - Syeda Tanveer Kausar Naim

Higher Education, Science &
Technology …. Imperatives for
Socio-economic Development
Dr. S. T. K Naim
Consultant COMSTECH
33-Constitution Avenue
G-5/2, Islamabad
November 2006
1
Knowledge critical for development
Growing recognition that development “is
built not merely through accumulation of
physical capital and human skills, but on a
foundation of information, learning and
adaptation…”
-
World Bank, 1999.
World Development Report:
Knowledge For development
-
Promotion of Innovation Culture
2
Challenges for Developing Countries
Rapidly advancing S&T knowledge
Increasing use of information technology
Knowledge capital replacing physical capital
as source of wealth
Higher education gaining vital importance
Resulting expansion: rapid, chaotic, and
unplanned
3
Challenges
Low literacy level (50%) and low enrollment in
higher education
High population growth rate
Low R&D expenditure
Few scientists and engineers
Non competitive industry and knowledge
producing institutions
Limited private sector R&D and Innovation
activities
Weak linkages between industry and university
Brain Drain
4
Risks
Excluding Nations with low investment in Education
and Scientific Research
Unskilled will be marginalized in the knowledge
economy
Brain Drain
Movement of highly skilled to developed countries as
demand exists due to ageing population
Losing competition for capital investment
Capital investment follows human resource capacity
(China’s high technology science zones with foreign
enterprises account for 75% of its exports)
5
PAKISTAN REFORMS
POLITICAL WILL
S&T Budget increased 6000%!!!
Higher Education budget increased 1,200%!!!
Full support and personal interest by
President Musharraf
A real beginning after 30 years of neglect
6
POLITICAL WILL
HIGHER EDUCATION COMMISSION FORMED—
FULLY AUTONOMOUS AND POWERFUL BODY
BUDGET FOR UNIVERSITIES RAISED FROM RS.1.4
BILLION (TWO YEARS AGO) TO RS.27.8 BILLION IN
2006
CHANCELLORS COMMITTEE DECIDED 50%
INCREASES IN BOTH RECURRING AND
DEVELOPMENT BUDGETS TO REACH A FIGURE OF
1% OF GNP IN 4-5 YEARS
7
Strategy: Learning from Korea
Growth of Per Capita GNP: PAKISTAN & KOREA
16000
14000
12000
US dollars
10000
8000
Launching of National
Research & Development
Program (NRDP)
Establishment of Korean
Advanced Institute for
Sciences & Technology
(KAIST)
Establishment of
Korean Institute of
Science & Technology
(KIST)
13980
13000
10076
5883
6000
4000
1597
2000
89
79
123
95
173
253 187
350
2000
363
353
409
508
1980-81
1985-86
1990-91
1995-96
443
600
0
1960-61
1965-66
1970-71
1975-76
Pakistan
1999-2000
2004
Korea
Source Pakistan: UNESCO, Statistical Year Book 1980,1982,1991 and Economic Survey of Pakistan
Source Korea: Science & Technology Policy Institute (STEPI), Korea, World Bank
8
Lessons from China
 Opened up to global knowledge: 1978
 Imported massively capital goods and
components
 Reform of Universities and R&D Organizations
 Large number of students sent abroad for training
 Incubation System at Universities
 Attracted FDI for both domestic and export
markets
 Induced FDI to set up large domestic research
facilities
 Expatriate scientists set up high tech industries
 Focus on premier universities as key knowledge
institutions
– Many alliances with global universities
– Spinning off high tech companies
9
China
Technology Change at Industry
 Increasing domestic R&D
 Larger R&D share by productive sector
 Moving rapidly towards market economy
 Joined WTO to lock in need for structural
reform
 Has become major global player
10
Strategy
Learning from past policies / review reports
Peer evaluation of 228 provincial R&D
centres and 300 S&T departments of
Universities
Identification of productive centres /
scientists
Bench Marking Institutions
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Strategy
Foresight for Technology
Wide consultation with private sector,
scientists, government officials and economists
Strategy and Action Plan proposed to fill Skills,
Technology and Policy gaps
Key Projects identified with costs and possible
impact on social / economic development
12
PAKISTAN REFORMS
Major Programmes
•
•
•
Human Resource Development
•
•
•
Information Technology
Up-gradating R&D Infrastructure
Technology Development &
Industrialization
Restructuring of R&D Institutions
Strengthening of Policy, Coordination and
Management Structure
13
Overarching Approach
Simultaneous Bi-Modal Approach
Required
– Bottom-Up
Basic Health, Primary Education, Water ….
Investment in ICT and transport infrastructure
– Top-Down
 Higher Education
 Technology Development
 Industrial Linkages
14
Faculty Development
Programs & Achievements
Foreign Scholarship Programs
– Over 1000 students being trained in Universities: Germany,
France, Austria, Sweden, Netherlands, Korea, and China
Fulbright Scholarship Program
– 1000 students being trained over 5 years
– 4 years funding for graduate study in US
In service Training
– University teachers exposed to modern teaching methods
15
Faculty Development
Programs & Achievements
(Contd.)
Post Doctoral Research Program
– 100 scholars sent per year abroad
Faculty Hiring
– More than 250 foreign faculty participating
– Over 100 under long term hiring scheme (1- 5 years)
Indigenous Scholarship Program
– Over 2000 scholarships awarded
– HEC Approved Supervisor scheme
– Current Deficiencies met through Foreign faculty
16
Increasing Access / Relevance
Programs & Achievements
Enhancing Enrolment
– 40% increase in enrolment
– 19% increase in Distance Learning Program
enrolment
University Development Projects
– 5- 7 year development vision of universities
– Infrastructure, faculty, new programs
Technology Parks / Business Incubators
– Faisalabad: Agricultural-Biological Research
– Karachi: Herbal Pharmaceutical Research
17
Promotion of Scientific Research
Programs & Achievements
Enhancing Research Facilities
– 20 Centralized Research Laboratories in major universities
– Digital Library access to over 20,000 leading
e-journals i.e. 80% of world’s peer reviewed content
Research Support
– Over 240 research projects funded
– International conference sponsoring
Research Productivity Allowance
– Incentives linked to research publications
– 60% increase in Research publications in international
journals
HEC providing Patenting Service
18
Building Knowledge Networks
Programs & Achievements
International Linkages
15 collaborative research projects between Pakistan
and British universities
– 35 new linkages to be launched soon
– US$1.3 billion linkage programme between
Pak-US Universities over 10 years
– Research collaboration with China
19
Quality Assurance
Prescribed criteria for Higher Education
Institutions in Private sector
Quality Enhancement Cells
Educational Accreditation Councils
Examination System Review
Quality of Faculty
– Appointment Criteria
– Tenure Track
– Training and Research Opportunities
Curriculum Review
– Industry Collaboration
– International Standards
4 - year undergraduate degree standardization
Projects Monitoring
20
Technology Infrastructure: Leveraging IT
University Computerization & Networking
– Computer Laboratories
– Campus wide high-speed LAN
– Computerization of Administration
Pakistan Education and Research Network
(PERN) (60 public sector universities
connected)
Digital Library
PAKSAT – 1
Distance Education
– Virtual University
– Educational TV Channels
– Video Lecturing
21
Pakistan Education and Research Network
University Computerization & Networking
– ICT infrastructure, Computer Laboratories, LAN & WAN
Pakistan Education and Research Network (PERN)
– 60 universities connected
– 155 Mbps International Internet Bandwidth
– Intranet bandwidth of 50Mbps
– Institutional internet bandwidth of 5Mbps
– Video conferencing, Voice-over-IP services
– Satellite-based Internet Downlinks: Remote
institutions and campuses provided with connectivity
through 45MB downlink
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FASTEST INTERNET SPREAD!!
Oct 2005:
2339 cities / villages
400 cities
on optic
fiber!!
IT Infrastructure and Diffusion
23
National Digital Library Program
INASP as Partner
Availability of over 25 Publisher databases providing
access to nearly 20,000 full text journals (almost 80% of
the world’s peer reviewed scientific content)
Accessible at 220 institutions (Public Universities,
Private Institutions, R & D Organizations)
10,000 faculty members and students trained at
universities/R&D institutions across the country
One million articles downloaded in 2005
Access to over 10,000 e-books
Expansion programme with US Library of Congress
24
Selective Approach to Strengthening
S&T / Higher Education
Core Areas
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

Information Technology
Engineering
Biotechnology
Pharmaceuticals / Chemicals
Support Areas
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





Basic Sciences (Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics)
Food Technology
Material Sciences
Environmental Sciences
Renewable Energy
Water Resources
Electronics
25
Improving Access / Relevance
New Universities
(Building Regional Knowledge Networks)
– 9 New Engineering Universities to be established
in collaboration with Sweden, Germany, Austria,
France, Korea, Netherlands, UK, USA, China
At strategic sites close to industrial hubs
First university to be functional by 2008
26
Technology Development and
Industrialization
Technology promotion through public /
private partnership
Strengthening Metrology, Testing and
Quality Institutions
Common Facility Centers and Skill
Development Fund
Private sector involvement for Technical
Training
National Accreditation Council
Quality Policy
27
Partnership for Change: Working with
the Private Sector
Role of Government is to provide:
Consistency of Policy ( legal, regulatory, IPR and
fiscal)
Human capital
Measurement , Standards and Quality Testing
Labs (need to be upgraded)
Stability, Law and Order, fast commercial courts
Encourage SMEs (Credit, Skill, Technology)
Linking Technology purchases and FDI with
knowledge transfer
28
Policy Imperative
Seed capital / start up funds for Technology
commercialization (Venture Capital)
Special initiatives for hi-tech start up firms
(China’s example)
Innovation Credit Scheme for Design and
Engineering capability in Firms
Performance awards to scientists for proactive
approach to smaller firms
Flexibility and effectiveness for Funds
mobilization
29
THANK YOU
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