Transcript Document

PENGANTAR EKONOMI
PREPARED BY :
H. MUSTIKA LUKMAN ARIEF, SE.,MBA.,MM.
ECONOMICS
1.
a)
WHAT IS ECONOMICS?
Economics is the study of the ways that individuals and
societies allocate their limited resources to try to satisfy their
unlimited wants.
Key Word:
NEEDS:
UNLIMITED
1.
2.
3.
4.
INFLATION
UNEMPLOYMENT
UNEQUALITY
- FUNCTIONAL &
SIZE
- REGIONAL
- INDIVIDUAL
POVERTY
GAP
ECONOMICS
PROBLEMS
1.
2.
3.
4.
WHAT’S
HOW
WHEN
FOR WHOM
CHOICES
OPPORTUNITY COST
RESOURCES:
LIMITED
1.
2.
3.
4.
NR
HR
CR
E
GOODS &
SERVICES
MODEL ANALISIS
EKSPERIMENTAL
DESIGN
Eksperimental
Abstraction
Real
World
Teoritical
Abstraction
Logical
Argumen
Eksperimen
Obsevation
s
Logical
Model
Statistical
Interpretation
Real World
Conclusions
Theoretical
Interpretation
Logical
Conclusions
TYPES OF ECONOMIC SYSTEM
TRADITIONAL
ECONOMIC
SYSTEM:
A system in
which the
question
what, how,
for whom,
and when
are answered
in the same
way from
generation to
generation.
COMMAND
ECONOMIC
SYSTEM:
A system in which the
question what, how, for
whom, and when are
answered by a central
authority:
• COMMUNISM: An
economic system in
which property and the
means of production
are owned and
operated by the
workers in common.
• SOCIALISM: An
economic system in
which the means of
production are owned
and operated by the
state
MARKET
SYSTEM:
A system in
which the
question what,
how, for whom,
and when are
answered
through
independent
decisions of the
people. This
often used
interchangeable
with capitalism.
MIXED
ECONOMY
:
An economic
system in
which there
are elements
of tradition,
command,
and the
market.
ACTORS OF ECONOMY
HOUSEHOLD:
• Suppliers of
input factor
• Demander of
goods and
services
• Payer taxes
FIRMS:
• Suppliers of
goods and
services
• Demander of
input factor
• Payer of taxes
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GOVERNMENT:
To protect private
property
To regulate money
To produce public
goods and services
To assess social cost
To regulate and
maintain competition
To promote economic
growth and stability
To fight poverty
To eliminate
discrimination
To receive of taxes
To send of subsidy
Permintaan
Sepatu
Pakaian
Perumahan
Pasar untuk
barang-barang
hasil produksi
Harga-harga
barang hasil
produksi
Konsumen
Rumah Tangga
Pemilik
Faktor Produksi
Tenaga Kerja
Tanah
Modal
Penawaran
Penawaran
Sepatu
Pakaian
Perumahan
Produksi
WHAT
HOW
FOR WHOM
Harga-harga
faktor produksi
(upah, sewa, bunga)
Pasar untuk
faktor-faktor
produksi
Pembayaran,
Upah, Sewa,
Bunga
Tenaga Kerja
Tanah
Modal
Permintaan
MARKET
RESOURCE
MARKET
PRODUCT
MARKET
FINANCIAL
MARKET
KESEIMBANGAN PENDAPATAN NASIONAL
DALAM PEREKONOMIAN TIGA SEKTOR
Gaji dan upah, sewa, bunga untung
Pajak perusahaan
Gaji dan upah
RUMAH
TANGGA
PERUSAHAAN
PEMERINTAH
Pajak Individu
Pengeluaran
pemerintah
Tabungan
Konsumsi rumah tangga
Investasi
BANK
Pinjaman
PENANAM MODAL
LEMBAGA KEUANGAN
MICROECONOMICS VS MACROECONOMICS
MICROECONOMICS
• Eff of Resources
• Max. Satisfaction/Profit
MACROECONOMICS
• Government Regulation
• Economic Activity  AD and AS`
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MACROECONOMICS ISSUES (WHY NOT)
HIGH ECONOMIC GROWTH AND STABILITY
IMPROVEMENT ECONOMIC
PRICE STABILITY
UNEMPLOYMENT/ POVERTY REDUCTION
INFLUENCES FACTORS OF MACROECONOMIC
. PRIVATE CONSUMPTION (C)
• INVESTMENT (I)
• GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE (G)
• NET EXPORT (EXPORT-IMPORT) (X-M)
MACROECONOMIC PROBLEM
•
•
•
•
ECONOMIC GROWTH
UNSTABLE OF EC. ACTIVITY
UNEMPLOYMENT AND INFLATION
TRADE AND BALANCE OF PAYMENT
MACROECONOMIC POLICY
• FISCAL POLICY
• MONETARY POLICY
• SUPPLY SIDE POLICY
GOAL OF MACROECONOMIC
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RAPID GROWTH
PRICE STABILITY
INCOME EQUALITY
FULL EMPLOYMENT