Transcript Emploi et politiques climatiques en Europe

Pushing for a New Sustainable Deal for
Europe
Answering the environmental crisis and jobs crisis
Judith Kirton-Darling
3 April 2012
Unsustainable Development
• Current situation is unsustainable at European and global levels:
• Economically: a banking system that does not function properly, is
unable to guarantee the necessary investments and is further promoting
speculation
• Socially: high unemployment – highest recorded levels globally (24
million in Europe : 1/5 of young workers on average, to 45% of Spanish
young workers) – ½ global workforce working in insecure conditions.
Environmental degradation is increasing social inequalities between and
within countries.
• Environmentally: although Cancun saw 2 biggest GHG emitters come
to the table and make committments for 2020 (USA/China), global
committments are too weak offering no means to avoid a 2°C increase
by 2100 (IPCC). Currently we are on-line for a 4°C increase globally,
with the associated loss of biodiversity, increased threat to human
development and increased conflicts.
Maurice Strong: initiator of Earth Summit 1992
“2012 must go well beyond the
environmental and sustainable
development communities to include the
principal policy and decision-makers on
the range of systemic issues that will
determine the future and sustainability
and security of life as we know it.
2012 may indeed be the last opportunity we
have to achieve such ambitious but
necessary goals before the risks we face
become irreversible. ”
International and European sustainable
development agendas
• Globally
• European
– Rio+20 (June 2012)
– Qatar COP18
(December 2012)
• Cooperation with
ITUC
• Bilateral relations
– Roadmap 2050
– Transport White Paper
– Energy Efficiency
Directive
– Resource Efficiency
Roadmap
– Energy Roadmap
– SustainLabour
– EU tripartite relations • High Level Working
Group/Social
(US, Canada, China)
Dialogue/Spring Alliance
Green Economy- four ways?
• Reduce, reuse and recycle, including making
all production green, may be the panacea – a
market liberalistic view. Worst case: greenwashing and greening greed
• De-growth or a critical approach to the system of
economy, based on what is know as hard
sustainability
• Distributive growth, tries to look at SCP in a
‘frugal’ way
• Global transition – incremental change with
strengthening key institutions
Austerity can’t deliver
• Austerity measures will not build a greener, fairer Europe or world.
They will not deliver the jobs and skills, nor the fair and just
transition to a sustainable economic future vital for us all.
• To tackle the triple challenges of climate change, resource depletion
and the banking crisis, we need a sustainable new deal, with
investment in energy- and resource-efficiency, greening jobs,
greening skills and above all, worker involvement.
• Key elements at European level and internationally:
– Framework on GHG emissions reductions: Ambitious reduction targets for
domestic GHG emissions (respecting IPCC analysis: -25 to -40% by 2020 for
developed countries on 1990 levels to reach -80 to -95% by 2050)
– Financing framework: Global Green Fund, FTT etc.
– Framework for Just Transition
– Resource-efficiency framework?
New functions for the state and public services
– Liberal state: core functions were economic
– Welfare state: social core functions were
added to the economic functions
– Environmental state: sustainable functions are
included (supporting sustainable
infrastructure, consumption, taxation)
Financing the transformation
The Commission estimates investments of €270 billion/per year are necessary
to achieve a reduction of 80 to 95% by 2050 in Europe (1.5% GDP
additional investment (total19% GDP)). German government estimates
investment of 22% GDP needed to achieve -30% by 2020.
Internationally:
• Stern report (2006): 1% global GDP in additional investment
• UNEP (2011): US$1.05-$2.59 trillion a year
• IEA: US$46 trillions or US$750 billion a year between 2010-2030 and
US$1.6 trillions a year between 2030-2050
• Bloomberg New Energy Finance (2010): additional investments in clean
energy of US$500 milliards a year by 2020 to achieve 2°C max increase by
2100.
• McKinsey (2008): €500-€1.100 billion by 2030
In comparison: in 2009, US$312 billion in fossil fuel subsidies vs.US$57 billion
in renewable energies
Or, the IMF says that rich countries have provided $9.2tn in government
support for the financial sector in credit crunch, while emerging economies
spent $1.6 tn
Source: Redefine/Greens-EFA 2011
Reorient existing funds and look at innovative
solutions
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Internationally, a Green Investment Fund (created at Copenhagen) should
be launched now, with US$100 billion a year to 2020, and should be
complementary to Overseas Development Aid (ODA) – squabbles are ongoing in advance of Durban
At European level we need to:
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Mobilise and reinforce existing financial resources such as: through the EU
budget, Strcutural Funds in the current 2007-13 framework, use of European
Investment Bank and European Bank for Regional Development, and address
the Multi-Annual Financial Framework 2013-2020
Reform the governance of funds and loans, notably through respect for social
rights and conventions (ILO labour standards, UN human rights charter) and
environmental standards as a precondition for financing projects
Generate new sources of revenue through a Financial Transaction Tax,
Eurobonds and Project bonds, as levers for private capital investment
Create a carbon price signal through CO2 taxation (with conditions)
Giving the right economic signals
• A means of improving
competitiveness while reducing
some labour costs and promoting
energy- and resource-efficiency
• Need to ensure effective
financing for social protection
systems so not a direct
conversion
• Polluter-pays principle: need to
internalise the external social
and environmental costs in
calculations of investment risk
What is « Just Transition »?
« Just transition and the promotion of decent work » were included for the first
time in a climate agreement in Cancun – now these should be applied
through a European Just Transition Roadmap 2050 to accompany longterm climate and energy policies
For the ETUC there are 5 pillers to a Just Transition:
• Dialogue between governments and key actors, including social partners
• Creation and maintenance of decent green jobs through investment in lowcarbon technologies, R&D, innovation under the umbrella of coherent and
coordinated industrial policies, including a strong public policy framework
• Active training and education strategies ensuring workers are able to
prepare themselves for the transition to greater energy- and resourceefficiency
• The respect of human and trade union rights: democratic participation and
the respect of these rights are essential to ensure a fair deal for workers
and their communities
• Strong and effective social protection systems
Jobs must be at the centre of policy
 For ETUC, all sectors have a role to play (ETUC
studies 2007/2009/2011)
 Green jobs span a wide range of occupational
profiles, of skills and educational backgrounds. Some
constitute entirely new types of jobs but most build on
traditional professions and occupations, with more or
less modified job contents and competences
 Even in the case of new industries and technologies,
such as wind and solar power generation, the supply
chains consist largely of traditional industries like
iron and steel and the manufacture of machine parts
 There is evidence of the potential for green jobs
across the entire workforce, from green collar workers
through skilled workers, craftsmen and entrepreneurs to
highly qualified technicians, engineers and managers.
More precarious work cannot produce
sustainable green jobs
• Better compensated jobs tend to be of better quality:
wages are not the enemy
• Improved competitiveness can and should be reached
by other means than by lowering labour costs : R&D and
innovations and their financing; energy efficiency;
industrial policies; technological platforms
• Greening => improvements of energy efficiency =>
decrease in energy bills => improvement of productivity
=> decrease of ULC=> better competitiveness
• Increasing job quality => increasing jobs satisfaction =>
increases of productivity=> better competitiveness
A key role for energy- and resource efficiency at the
workplace
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Workplaces (& transport to work) 50% of EU GHG emissions, changing
workplace attitudes means engaging with workers, engaging with
corporate/workplace strategy but has the added benefit of changing
behaviour outside the workplace. The ETUC is pushing for:
• EU and national binding targets on energy efficiency and energy
savings of -20% by 2020
• New and extended rights for shop stewards in health and safety and
environmental matters
• Supporting initiatives through training programmes and financing
measures
• Managing and anticipating skills and jobs developments through social
dialogue
• Reinforcing the principle that building a low-carbon economy means
improving existing skills much more that creating specific ‘green skills’
• Reinforcing the capacity of workers in all jobs and sectors to get
involved and play their role: on the offensive not on the defensive!
ETUC Green Workplaces agenda
Economic crisis has reduced price of EUAs and
created surpluses: the arguments to increase our EU
target
Source: European Commission 2011
Ensuring the finance and Just Transition: setting the
right domestic target
• ETUC has been calling for European leadership in the face of
the threat of a double dip recession, but we also need
leadership internationally in UNFCCC (& Rio+20)
• Europe should promote a New Sustainable Deal together with
more ambitious climate and energy targets, based on binding
energy efficiency targets, to ensure sustainable growth,
investment in infrastructures and public services, and investor
engagement
• We should get too fixated on the short-term of 2020 but
should be thinking about what is necessary to reach the goals
of 2050, according to the Commission that means:
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2020: 25-30%
2030: 40%
2040: 60%
2050: 80% (plus 15% efforts à l’extérieur de l’Europe) = 95%
Merci pour votre attention !
Judith Kirton-Darling
www.etuc.org
Références
« Changement climatique
et emploi » 2007
http://www.etuc.org/a/3675
Impact sur l’emploi du
changement climatique et des
mesures de réduction des
émissions de CO2 dans
l’Union européenne à 25 à
l’horizon 2030
« Les dérèglements
climatiques, les nouvelles
politiques industrielles et les
sorties de crise » 2009
http://www.etuc.org/a/7585
Brochure 2010 de la CES disponible à l’adresse :
www.etuc.org/a/6789
Résolutions et positions récentes de la CES
Résolution sur le changement climatique, les nouvelles politiques
industrielles et les sorties de crise (2009)
http://www.etuc.org/a/6595
Position sur le financement et la gestion des politiques climatiques
(2010)
http://www.etuc.org/a/7396
Résolution « Un nouveau deal durable pour la CES et dans la
perspective du sommet de Cancun » (2010)
http://www.etuc.org/a/7744
Résolution sur la stratégie énergétique pour l’Europe 2011-2020 (2010)
http://www.etuc.org/a/7953